Protesting the Old Way essays

Protesting the Old Way essays We are living in a world where the old rules no longer apply. Such was the case during the early modern period in Europe. Prior to this sudden change in the rules Europe went through an extensive period of illiteracy and lack of enlightenment. The centuries following the downfall of the Roman Empire would be the years defined as the middle ages. During this phase, the Catholic Church dominated the beliefs of the people and its power was very rarely threatened by outside forces. The Pope, or head of the Catholic Church, spent a majority of his time collecting church taxes, or tithes, selling indulgences, and acting as Gods representative on Earth. For a long time no one questioned his authority, or the Churchs legitimacy. Ultimately, the belief system of humanism would lead to the collapse of the Churchs influence, and the reformation itself. What transpired was not a direct war between humanism and the Church, in fact some humanistic qualities agreed with Church doctrine, but some of these beliefs would in due course lead to the reformation. Humanism was a very extensive philosophy that began to spread during the early renaissance period. Its main ideas were the devotion to ancient and classical cultures, generally the Romans, and the appreciation for the beauty of man, art, nature, logic and reasoning. Pico Della Mirandola says that, At last it seems to me I have come to understand why man is the most fortunate of creatures and consequently worthy of all admiration and what precisely is that rank which is his lot in the universal chain of Beinga rank to be envied not only by brutes but even by the stars and by minds beyond this world. Humanists were confident that mankind had the ability to discover for itself what was true and what was false in the world. It also, in opposition to all theories of universal determinism, fatalism, or predestination, believed ...

Setting Ideas for Improv Acting and Comedy Sketches

Setting Ideas for Improv Acting and Comedy Sketches One of the essential ingredients to a good improv scene is a setting. But sometimes, the ideas just dont flow. This list of settings for improv acting and comedy sketches may help grease the wheels. Keys to Success If youre not relying on your audience to suggest a setting, youll need to think quickly and choose one yourself. One of the goals of improv is to learn how to think quickly and creatively when confronted by the unexpected. To do that, youll need to bear a few things in mind: Go with it. If youre told to wear a trench coat, then do it. Now youve got one detail to add to the sketch of the character youre building: one whos a private eye in an old detective movie. Accept everything that people do or say as literal truth and dont try to deceive or outwit your fellow actors.Create a backstory. You can add realism to your character by asking questions or making statements that reference a past event. Maybe your detective character just had a run-in with a police officer who doesnt like him. As the two glare at each other, your character asks, You going to arrest me just like last time? And just like that, youve established a backstory for your audience that gives them more information about the scene youre creating.Be specific. Improv actors rarely work with elaborate sets or with many props. Instead, the challenge is to create a sense of place and character with your words and actions. Dont speak in monosyllables. Be descriptive.  Begin mid-action.  Unlik e scripted acting, improv doesnt have the luxury of building up to a dramatic climax through a prologue. You want to keep the activity (and inspiration) moving. Each sketch should start with your characters already engaged in a scenario, like being up to their elbows in a sink full of dirty dishes. Act without words. Speaking is just one way that an actor can convey information. Try choosing an improv setting and then using pantomime or another means of non-verbal communication.  Dont be yourself. Youre not playing yourself in improv; youre someone else. As you perform, push yourself to act and react in ways the real you may never do. Suggested Improv Settings Once the actors are ready, its time to choose a setting. Some performers let the audience make suggestions, with the troupe picking their favorite. Others leave it to the director or host to pick a scenario. Theres no right or wrong way to do it. Thats the beauty of improv. A:Art GalleryAmbulanceAdoption ClinicAmazon RainforestAntique StoreAttic B:BarbershopBalconyBoatBirds NestBlacksmithBakeryButterfly HabitatBeaver DamBootcamp C:CastleCat Ladys HouseChessboardCheese FactoryClassroom Cemetery(Inside a) Comic BookChiropractors OfficeCircus D:Dance StudioDragons LairDesertDeep Sea DivingDepartment of Motor VehiclesDetentionDrunk Tank E:EgyptElephant SanctuaryElfs ForestExecution ChamberEarthquake Preparedness Class F:Ferris WheelFire StationFishing PondFootball StadiumFutureFortune Tellers Shop G:Grocery StoreGolf CourseGhost TownGondolaGarbage DumpGarageGoldmineGypsy CampGrand Canyon H:Hardware StoreHelicopterHenhouseHogwartsHospitalHawaii I:IglooIsland (Tropical)IcebergIce Cream ShopIce Age J:JungleJet Pilots CockpitJudges ChambersJury BoxJewelry StoreJurassic Age K:Karate ClassKaraoke BarKnights Training GroundsKing Kongs CageKnitting CircleKangaroo Farm L:LagoonLighthouseLibraryLOST (The TV Show)LifeboatLumberjack CampLondonLaundromat M:Make-Up CounterMarathon Finish LineMechanics ShopMoonMousetrapMummys Tomb(Inside a) MicrowaveMountain Top N:Nursing HomeNews StationNeverlandNature TrailNightclubNewspaper Office O:Orchestra PitOffice CubicleOrchardOutback (Australia)Open House (Real Estate)Optometrist P:Picnic SpotPanda ExhibitPromPirate ShipPet StorePost OfficePhotography ClassPolice Station Q:Queen Elizabeths CourtQuiz ShowQuicksand R:Radio ProgramRestaurant Grand OpeningRed Carpet (Movie Premiere)Riverboat(Inside a) Romance NovelRobbers Hideout S:SafariSchool LunchroomSchool Nurses OfficeSantas WorkshopSki SlopeSpider WebSummer CampSmurf VillageSoftball GameSpaceshipSecond-Hand StoreSubmarineStable T:TreehouseTravel AgencyTruckstopTheater AuditionTidepoolTribal CeremonyTourist Trap U:Ugly Princess Birthday PartyUndergroundUnderwaterUnemployment OfficeUtopian Society V:Vampires HomeVolleyball CourtVolcanoVoting Booth W:Witchs CavernWarehouseWhite HouseWaterslide ParkWrestling RingWild WestWoodshop ClassWedding Ceremony X:X-Ray LabXylophone Store Y:Yard SaleYoga ClassYearbook Club Z:Zeppelin (Blimp)Zombie Vacation SpotZoo

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE OF THE WRITINGS OF JOHN PIPER AND N.T Thesis Proposal - 1

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE OF THE WRITINGS OF JOHN PIPER AND N.T. WRIGHT ON THE DOCTRINE OF JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH - Thesis Proposal Example The study of the doctrine of justification5 is considered the cornerstone of Christianity6 by many Christian scholars. It is, according to Luther, the article by which the church stands or falls,7 The challenge between Piper and Wright concerns the implication of their views on imputed or incorporated righteousness on justification8 to Christian faith, especially concerning Soteriology.9 On the one hand, Piper’s perspective is that imputed righteousness on justification does not consist merely of belief in Christ alone for salvation, but also submission of every area of one’s life to Christ’s Lordship.10 Thus, Piper unwittingly affirms both â€Å"faith alone† and â€Å"faith not alone† referring to justification, which according to Lybrand constitutes the intrinsic incongruence of these assertions in his (i.e., Piper’s) practical interpretations and teachings.11 This inconsistency could be explained in the way Piper distinguishes justification from sanctification,12 wherein he proposes that to man is given the right to stand with God on account of faith alone.13 Again, Piper maintains, this is something given. Nevertheless, Piper insists that man must live a life that he considers a deadly battle against sin.14 The manner by which he fights such a battle––according God’s will––constitutes s anctification.15 Also important on Piper’s position is the argument that sin has been fought, and won over with the death of Jesus.16 One might contend that if sin has been won over based on Christ’s sacrifice, Piper would not be able to justify his â€Å"faith not alone† portion of his argument. However, he maintains that the right to stand with God is only achieved by eliminating the sin––the one that was already won over on the cross––by way of dying â€Å"in Christ.†17 This is central to his righteousness imputation theory,18 and distinguishes his position from that of Wright’s who proposes, â€Å"incorporated righteousness† as a more

Walthers Social Information Processing Theory (SIPT) Essay

Walthers Social Information Processing Theory (SIPT) - Essay Example SIPT has developed in reaction to the theories of social presence, media richness, and social cues that criticized CMC. The social presence theory asserts that CMC deprives users of the actual presence of people, which results to CMC that is â€Å"more impersonal, individualistic, and task-oriented† than face-to-face communication (Griffin et al., 2015, p.122). This theory suggests that face-to-face communication has higher social presence than CMC, which results to more personalized and collective communication processes and effects (Noy, Raban, & Ravid, 2006, p.179). Media richness theory states that the bandwidth of the communication medium affects its ability to offer rich relational messages (Griffin et al., 2015, p.122). It insists that CMC has a narrower bandwidth compared to face-to-face communication, so the latter is more capable of successfully building close social relationships. Another theory asserts that CMC filters out social context cues (Griffin et al., 2015, p.122). It asserts that CMC users cannot determine and properly respond to their relative status and that CMC lacks social interaction norms, so CMC users tend to be less controlled when expressing their emotions (e.g flaming easily online since the sender is not in front of the receiver) (Griffin et al., 2015, p.122). In 1992, Walther developed the SIPT to assert that CMC users can maximize the limited cues they have to foster close relationships online (Griffin et al., 2015, p.122). Media richness theory states that the bandwidth of the communication.

Fiction and Brother Leon Brought Essay Example for Free

Fiction and Brother Leon Brought Essay A Wife  is a story written by  Manuel Arguilla  about a man who comes home to his province to introduce his wife from the city to his family. This short story won first prize in the Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940. Baldo   younger brother of Leon, fetched Leon and Maria from the road to Nagrebcan * Leon (or Noel)   older brother of Baldo who studied in Manila where he met his wife * Maria   the beautiful and stunning wife of Leon from Manila * Labang   the bull whom Baldo considers as his â€Å"pet† * Norman Tabios   Marias ex-boyfriend who happened to be a loro * Gagambino   Leons favorite fictional character who gave him lots of guts to study in Manila * Churita   Labangs girlfriend/fiance Baldo and his older brother Leon were both waiting for the arrival of their visitor riding the carretela. Seeing his brothers wife, Baldo was easily taken away by the beauty of the woman from city as he narrates their journey to Nagrebcan. The idea of meeting with Leons parents for the first time made Maria a bit anxious. But along their way home, Maria discovered the peculiarities of the life in Nagrebcan as opposed to their life in the city where she met and fell in love with Leon. Summary: Exposition: Maria was the first one introduced in the story the wife of the main character Leon. She first noticed Baldo, the brother of Leon; then Labang was introduced, the family bull. Complication: On the way, Maria expressed her fear that their father might not like her. Conflict: Leon explained to Maria that their father is the mildest-tempered, gentlest man he knew. Climax: When they got home, their father did not welcome them. He was said to be in his room; â€Å"his leg is bothering him again. † Baldo saw his mother and sister Aurelia and Maria in the kitchen who seemed like crying. His father removed the roll of tobacco in his mouth when he saw Baldo and started [continues] How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife, is a short story written by the highly acclaimed Filipino writer Manuel Arguilla. This award-winning story is a long-standing favorite in Philippine literature. To examine this piece, the authors background must first be considered. Formalistic, historical, and sociological approaches can also be utilized to analyze the story further. Prominent symbols and their interpretations will also be discussed. About Manuel Arguilla Manuel Arguilla was born to Crisanto Arguilla and Margarita Estabillo in Barrio Nagrebcan in Bauang, La Union on June 17, 1911. The Arguillas were a humble, hard-working family who farmed the small piece of land they owned to make a living. In school, Manuel was a sharp student who showed promise of being a brilliant writer at an early age. He graduated as salutatorian of his high school and then left La Union to study at the University of Philippines, where he would eventually earn a Bachelor of Science degree in Education. Around the same time, he married fellow writer, Lydia Villanueva, and moved to Ermita, Manila. After college, he worked at the Bureau of Public Welfare and taught at the University of Manila. After working at the bureau for a few years, Arguilla was selected   to be the managing editor of The Welfare Advocate, the business newsletter. He served at the Bureau until 1943, when he was appointed to the Board of Censors. During this time, he was working at a Japanese propaganda agency and also as an agent of the Markings Guerillas, an anti-Japanese rebel movement. In 1944, the Japanese discovered Arguillas disloyalty and arrested him.

Hitler Essays -- essays research papers

Hitler The year was 1929, the Great Depression had hit hard all over the world. People were losing their jobs, and their way of life was changing drastically right before their eyes; the people needed money fast. They needed to rebuild their lives and get back on their feet again, economically, politically, and socially. They needed a way out of this slump fast, and Hitler was there for the rescue. In 1933, Germany was facing a high unemployment level, leaving people to fend for themselves on the streets, Hitler took advantage of the peoples low moral and made them big promises of the dawn of a new era for Germany. The social classes lost their meanings. The middle-class was ruined by the Depression: they were stripped of their livelihoods. The Nazi's promised them the one thing that were desperately in need of to survive: Bread! The Nazi's promised to give the farmers repossession of their land. Hitler had a way of persuading people to do what he wants. He knew what the people wanted and how to make them believe that they were actually going to get it. Hitler was given a chance to go into power despite the doubts of he ability to rule from the Communists and Socialist parties. Unfortunately the both parties were wrong, he was voted into power , in March and was elected without a parliament. Hitler proclaimed a "New Germany." He believed that German culture was to be kept solid. His way of purifying their race was to burn books Americans, Jew, and Non-Germans. The philosophy was that if you destroy the ideas in the books, you destroy the people's ability to hold and be aware of any other beliefs than what they are told. The people of Germany were not exposed to any ideas that contradicted the beliefs of Hitler. Hitler believed and was correct, that if you destroy and reason for someone to disagree with you, you limit the person's knowledge which limits them from deciding what's right and wrong. Hitler had a way of captivating his audience, he made promises to his people that made them feel strong, proud, and gave them a sense of salvation. He gave them something for which to look forward to. Hitler loved to speak to a large group of people. They were taken by his presence and enchanted by the words he spoke and the emotion he generated through the crowd. His audience would stand there d... ... Hitler attempted to destroy any one or thing that rose against him. September 1, 1939, Germany attacked Poland, and on the third of that month, Great Britain's Prime Minister declared war with Germany. Hitler was a brilliant man when it came to planning and organizing people, he had a power to make people follow him blindly with out any question. He fueled the people with dreams and goals of economic and social growth. Unfortunately he had talents but used them immorally. The world might have been a better place if Hitler's skills were used to manage relief fund for the people struggling due to the depression. Hitler was able to rise to power because he focused on the weak and offered them something that they could have never dreamed of. Hitler was allowed to grow so efficiently because he faced no opposition, because of an intimidation factor over his neighboring nations; they feared defeat and did not want to their people in the line of danger until absolutely necessary. The European nation might have thought that if they leave Hitler alone or give him what he wants he would leave them alone. That lethargic attitude almost destroyed the free world.

Delhi Metro

Delhi Metro (Hindi: Dilli Me? ro) is a rapid transit system serving Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India. It is one of the largest metro networks in the world. The network consists of six lines with a total length of 189. 63 kilometres (117. 83  mi) with 142 stations of which 35 are underground. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade and underground lines and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock. Four types of rolling stock are used: Mitsubishi-ROTEM Broad gauge, Bombardier MOVIA, Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard gauge and CAF Beasain Standard gauge. Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC)under Akshay Mittal. As of November 2010, DMRC operates around 2,700 trips daily between 6:00 and 23:00 running with an interval of 2 minutes 30 seconds between trains at peak frequency. 3][8] The trains are mainly of four coaches, but due to increase in passengers numbers, six-coach trains are also added on the Red Line (Dilshad Garden to Rithala), Yellow Line (Jahangirpuri to HUDA city centre), Blue Line (Dwarka sec ? 21 to Vaishali/NOIDA city centre) and Violet Line (Central Secretariat to Badarpur). [6][7][8][9] The power output is supplied by 25-kilovolt, 50 Hertz alternating current through overhead catenary. The metro has an average daily ridership of 1. 6 million commuters,[2] and, as of July 2011, had carried over 1. 25 billion commuters s ince its inception. 10] The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation has been certified by the United Nations as the first metro rail and rail-based system in the world to get â€Å"carbon credits for reducing greenhouse gas emissions† and helping in reducing pollution levels in the city by 6. 3 lakh tonne every year. [11] Planning for the metro started in 1984, when the Delhi Development Authority and the Urban Arts Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi-modal transport system for the city. The Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) in 1995. Construction started in 1998, and the first section, on the Red Line, opened in 2002, followed by the Yellow Line in 2004, the Blue Line in 2005, its branch line in 2009, the Green and Violet Lines in 2010 and the Delhi Airport Metro Express in 2011. | | History [edit] Background The concept of a mass rapid transit for New Delhi first emerged from a traffic and travel characteristics study which was carried out in the city in 1969. [12] Over the next several years, many official committees by a variety of government departments were commissioned to examine issues related to technology, route alignment and governmental jurisdiction. 13] In 1984, the Delhi Development Authority and the Urban Arts Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi-modal transport system, which would consist of constructing three underground mass rapid transit corridors as well augmenting the city's existing suburban railway and road transport networks. [14] While extensive technical studies and t he raising of finance for the project were in progress, the city expanded significantly resulting in a twofold rise in population and a fivefold rise in the number of vehicles between 1981 and 1998. 14] Consequently, traffic congestion and pollution soared, as an increasing number of commuters took to private vehicles with the existing bus system unable to bear the load. [12] An attempt at privatising the bus transport system in 1992 merely compounded the problem, with inexperienced operators plying poorly maintained, noisy and polluting buses on lengthy routes, resulting in long waiting times, unreliable service, extreme overcrowding, unqualified drivers, speeding and reckless driving. 15] To rectify the situation, the Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up a company called the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) on March 5, 1995 with E. Sreedharan as the managing director. [16] [edit] Construction Physical construction work on the Delhi Metro started on Oct ober 1, 1998. [17] After the previous problems experienced by the Kolkata Metro, which was badly delayed and 12 times over budget due to â€Å"political meddling, technical problems and bureaucratic delays†, the DMRC was given full powers to hire people, decide on tenders and control funds. 18] The DMRC then consulted the Hong Kong MTR on rapid transit operation and construction techniques. [19] As a result, construction proceeded smoothly, except for one major disagreement in 2000, where the Ministry of Railways forced the system to use broad gauge despite the DMRC's preference for standard gauge. [20] The first line of the Delhi Metro was inaugurated by Atal Behari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India on December 24, 2002[21] and thus it became the second underground rapid transit system in India, after the Kolkata Metro. The first phase of the project was completed in 2006[22] on budget and almost three years ahead of schedule, an achievement described by Business Week as â€Å"nothing short of a miracle†. [23] [edit] Network Main article: List of Delhi metro stations The Delhi Metro is being built in phases. Phase I completed 65. 11  km (40. 46  mi) of route length, of which 13. 01  km (8. 08  mi) is underground and 52. 10  km (32. 37  mi) surface or elevated. The inauguration of the Indraprastha–Barakhamba Road corridor of the Blue Line marked the completion of Phase I on October 27, 2006. 22] Phase II of the network comprises 128  km (80  mi) of route length and 79 stations, and is fully completed, with the first section opened in June 2008 and the last line opened in August 2011. [24] Phases III (112  km) and IV (108. 5  km) are planned to be completed by 2015 and 2021 respectively, with the network spanning 413  km (257  mi) by then. [25 Red Line Main articl e: Red Line (Delhi Metro) The Red Line was the first line of the Metro to be opened and connects Rithala in the west to Dilshad Garden in the east, covering a distance of 25. 09 kilometres (15. 59  mi). 27] It is partly elevated and partly at grade, and crosses the Yamuna River between Kashmere Gate and Shastri Park stations. [30] The inauguration of the first stretch between Shahdara and Tis Hazari on December 24, 2002, caused the ticketing system to collapse due to the line being crowded to four times its capacity by citizens eager to have a ride. [31][32] Subsequent sections were inaugurated from Tis Hazari – Trinagar (later renamed Inderlok) on October 4, 2003,[33] Inderlok – Rithala on March 31, 2004, and Shahdara – Dilshad Garden on June 4, 2008. [34] [edit] Yellow Line Main article: Yellow Line (Delhi Metro) The Yellow Line was the second line of the Metro and was the first underground line to be opened. [35] It runs for 44. 36 kilometres (27. 56  mi) from north to south and connects Jahangirpuri with HUDA City Centre. The northern and southern parts of the line are elevated, while the central section through some of the most congested parts of Delhi is underground. The first section between Vishwa Vidyalaya and Kashmere Gate opened on December 20, 2004, and the subsequent sections of Kashmere Gate – Central Secretariat opened on July 3, 2005, and Vishwa Vidyalaya – Jahangirpuri on February 4, 2009. 34] This line also possesses the country's deepest Metro station at Chawri Bazaar, situated 30 metres (98  ft) below ground level. [36][37] On 21 June 2010, an additional stretch from Qutub Minar to HUDA City Centre in Gurgaon was opened, initially operating separately from the main line. However, Chhatarpur station on this line opened on August 26, 2010. Due to delay in acq uiring the land for constructing the station, it was constructed using pre-fabricated structures in a record time of nine months and is the only station in the Delhi metro network to be made completely of steel. 38][39] The connecting link between Central Secretariat and Qutub Minar opened on September 3, 2010. [40] Interchanges are available with the Red Line at Kashmere Gate station, Blue Line at Rajiv Chowk Station, Violet Line at Central Secretariat , and with the Indian Railways network at Delhi and New Delhi railway stations. [41][42] [edit] Blue Line Main article: Blue Line (Delhi Metro) The Blue Line was the third line of the Metro to be opened, and the first to connect areas outside Delhi. 43] Partly overhead and partly underground,[44] it connects Dwarka Sub City in the west with the satellite city of Noida in the east, covering a distance of 47. 4 kilometres (29. 5  mi). [43] The first section of this line between Dwarka and Barakhamba Road was inaugurated on December 3 1, 2005, and subsequent sections opened between Dwarka – Dwarka Sector 9 on April 1, 2006, Barakhamba Road – Indraprastha on November 11, 2006, Indraprastha – Yamuna Bank on May 10, 2009, Yamuna Bank – Noida City Centre on November 12, 2009, and Dwarka Sector 9 – Dwarka Sector 21 on October 30, 2010. 34] This line crosses the Yamuna River between Indraprastha and Yamuna Bank stations,[30] and has India's first extradosed bridge across the Northern Railways mainlines near Pragati Maidan. [45] A branch of the Blue line, inaugurated on January 8, 2010, takes off from Yamuna Bank station and runs for 6. 25 kilometres (3. 88  mi) up to Anand Vihar in east Delhi. [46] It was further extended up to Vaishali which was opened to public on July 14, 2011. [47][48] A small stretch of 2. 76 kilometres (1. 71  mi) from Dwarka Sector 9 to Dwarka Sector 21 was inaugurated on October 30, 2010. 49][50] Interchanges are available with the Yellow Line at Rajiv Cho wk station,[44] and with the Indian Railways network at the Anand Vihar Railway Terminal. [51] [edit] Green Line Main article: Green Line (Delhi Metro) Opened in 2010, the Green Line was the first standard-gauge corridor of the Delhi Metro. [28] The fully elevated line connects Mundka with Inderlok, running for 15. 1 kilometres (9. 4  mi) mostly along Rohtak Road. [52] An interchange with the Red line is available at Inderlok station via an integrated concourse. [53] This line also has the country's first standard-gauge maintenance depot at Mundka. 54] [edit] Violet Line Main article: Violet Line (Delhi Metro) The Violet Line is the most recent line of the Metro to be opened, and the second standard-gauge corridor after the Green Line. The 20. 2  km (12. 6  mi) long line connects Badarpur to Central Secretariat, with 9  km (5. 6  mi) being overhead and the rest underground. [29] The first section between Central Secretariat and Sarita Vihar was inaugurated on October 3, 20 10, just hours before the inaugural ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, and connects the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium which is the venue for the opening and closing ceremonies of the event. 55] Completed in just 41 months, it includes a 100  m (330  ft) long bridge over the Indian Railways mainlines and a 167. 5  m (550  ft) long cable-stayed bridge across an operational road flyover, and connects several hospitals, tourist attractions and a major industrial estate along its route. [29] Services are provided at intervals of 5 min. [55] An interchange with the Yellow Line is available at Central Secretariat through an integrated concourse. [29] On January 14, 2011, the remaining portion from Sarita Vihar to Badarpur was opened for commercial service, adding three new stations to the network and marking the completion of the line. Airport Express The Airport Express line runs for 22. 7  km (14. 1  mi) from New Delhi Railway Station to Dwarka Sector 21, linking the Indira Gandhi International Airport. The line is operated, by the Delhi Airport Metro Express Pvt. Limited (DAMEL), a subsidiary of Reliance Infrastructure, the concessionaire of the line. [56] Constructed at a cost of [pic]2,885 crore (US$548. 15 million),[57] the line has six stations (Dhaula Kuan and Delhi Aerocity became operational on August 15, 2011), with some featuring check-in facilities, parking and eateries. 58] Rolling stock consists of six-coach trains operating at intervals of ten minutes and having a maximum speed of 135  km/h (84  mph). [58] Originally scheduled to open before the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the line failed to obtain the mandatory safety clearance, and was opened on 24 February 2011, after a delay of around 5 months. [59][60] Finances [edit] Funding The capital cost of Phases I and II has been estimated to be [pic]14,430 crore (US$2. 74 billion) at 2004 prices. [73] However, more recent estimates have placed the cost of construction at [pic]200 crore (US$3 8 million) per kilometre. 74] Thirty percent of the total investment for Phases I and II has been raised through equity capital with the Government of India (GoI) and Government of Delhi contributing equal shares,[73] and approximately another 60 percent has been raised as either long-term or subordinate debt, through soft loans from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation. [75] The rest of the investment is proposed to be recovered from internal revenues through operations and property development. [73] The Metro also received [pic]1,914. 3 crore (US$363. 7 million) as grant-in-aid from various agencies for the financial year ending March 2009. 76] As of August 7, 2010, Delhi Metro has paid back an amount of [pic]567. 63 crore (US$107. 85 million), which includes loan amount for Phase I and interest amounts for Phases I and II, to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). [77] [edit] Revenue and profits In 2007, the Delhi Metro claimed to be one of only five metro sys tems in the world that operated at a profit without government subsidies. This was enabled by keeping maintenance costs to a minimum and harnessing additional revenue from advertisements and property development, apart from ticket sales. 78][79] The Metro also generates revenue by leasing out its trains and stations for film shoots. Due to its increasing association with Delhi as an image of the city's everyday life, it has been a popular filming location for production houses, and several films and advertisements have been shot on board. [80][81] Producers have to pay as much as [pic]1 lakh (US$1,900) for every hour of filming, besides a security deposit and insurance. [80] For the financial year ended March 2008, the Metro reported operating revenues of [pic]305. 27 crore (US$58 million) and a profit before tax of [pic]19. 8 crore (US$3. 8 million),[82] which rose to [pic]723. 77 crore (US$137. 5 million) and [pic]90. 43 crore (US$17. 2 million) respectively for the financial year ended March 2009. [76] Operations Trains operate at a frequency of 3 to 4. 5 minutes between 6:00 and 23:00. Trains operating within the network typically travel at speeds below 80  km/h (50  mph), and stop about 20 seconds at each station. Automated station announcements are recorded in Hindi and English. Many stations have services such as ATMs, food outlets, cafes and convenience stores. Eating, drinking, smoking, and chewing of gum are prohibited in the entire system. The Metro also has a sophisticated fire alarm system for advance warning in emergencies, and fire retardant material is used in trains as well as on the premises of stations. [83] Navigation information is available on Google Transit. [84] The first coach of every train is reserved for women. [85][86] [edit] Security Security on the Delhi Metro is handled by the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), who have been guarding the system ever since they took over from the Delhi Police in 2007. 87] Closed-circuit cameras are used to monitor trains and stations, and feed from these is monitored by both the CISF and Delhi Metro authorities at their respective control rooms. [88] Over 3500 CISF personnel have been deployed to deal with law and order issues in the system, in addition to metal detectors, X-ray baggage inspection systems and dog squads which are used to secure the system. [89] Intercoms are pr ovided in each train car for emergency communication between the passengers and the Train operator. 90] Periodic security drills are carried out at stations and on trains to ensure preparedness of security agencies in emergency situations. [91] [edit] Ticketing For the convenience of customers, Delhi Metro commuters have three choices for ticket purchase. The RFID tokens are valid only for a single journey on the day of purchase and the value depends on the distance travelled, with fares for a single journey ranging from [pic]8 (US$0. 15) to [pic]30 (US$0. 57). Fares are calculated based on the origin and destination stations using a fare chart. 92] A common ticketing facility for commuters travelling on Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) buses and the Metro will be introduced in 2011. [93] Travel cards are available for longer durations and are most convenient for frequent commuters. They are valid for one year from the date of purchase or the date of last recharge, and are availabl e in denominations of [pic]100 (US$1. 9) to [pic]800 (US$15. 2). A 10% discount is given on all travel made on it. [94] A deposit of [pic]50 (US$0. 95) needs to be made to buy a new card. [92] Tourist cards can be used for unlimited travel on the Delhi Metro network over short periods of time. There are two kinds of tourist cards valid for one and three days respectively. The cost of a one-day card is [pic]100 (US$1. 9) and that of a three-day card is [pic]250 (US$4. 8), besides a refundable deposit of [pic]50 (US$0. 95) that must be paid at the time of purchasing the card. [92] As the network has expanded, high ridership in new trains have led to increasing instances of overcrowding and delays on the Delhi Metro. [95][96] To alleviate the problem, orders for new 6 coach trains have been placed and an increase in the frequency of trains has been proposed. 95] Infrequent, overcrowded and erratic feeder bus services connecting stations to nearby localities have also been reported as an area of concern. [97][98] In 2010, severe overcrowding on the Yellow Line, which connects the north and south campuses of Delhi University, was reported to be a reason for students missing or reporting late for classes. [99] [edit] Ridership Delhi Metro recorded the highest ever ridership figu re of 2,066,925 on 20 August 2011, which surpassed the earlier record set on 01 August 2011, when 1,830,944 people traveled by the Metro. 100] Currently, DMRC has a pool of 200 train sets with 69 of these being six coach formations. At present; the Delhi Metro is operational on six lines where more than 2500 train trips are made each day traversing over 69000 KMs in a day. With Phase-III of the network expected to cover about 108 kilometers, the Delhi Metro network will become 295 kilometers by 2016 making it one of the fastest expanding Metro networks in the world carrying about 4 million (40 lakh) passengers. [101] [edit] Accidents On October 19, 2008, a girder launcher and a part of the overhead Blue Line extension under construction in Laxmi Nagar, East Delhi collapsed and fell on passing vehicles underneath. Workers were lifting a 400-tonne concrete span of the bridge with the help of a crane when the launcher collapsed along with a 34 metres (112  ft) long span of the bridge on top of a Blueline bus killing the driver and a labourer. [102] On July 12, 2009, a portion of a bridge under construction collapsed when its launching girder lost balance as it was being erected at Zamrudpur, near East of Kailash, on the Central Secretariat – Badarpur corridor. Six people were killed and 15 others injured. [103] The day after, on July 13, 2009, a crane that was removing the debris collapsed, and with a bowling pin effect collapsed two other nearby cranes, injuring six. [104] On July 22, 2009 a steel beam fell on a worker at the under-construction Ashok Park Metro station, killing him. [105] Over a hundred people, including 93 workers, have died since work on the metro began in 1998. [106] [edit] Rolling stock The Metro uses rolling stock of two different gauges. Phase I lines use 1,676  mm (5. 499  ft) broad gauge rolling stock, while three Phase II lines use 1,435  mm standard gauge rolling stock. [108] Trains are maintained at seven depots at Khyber Pass and Sultanpur for the Yellow Line, Mundka for the Green Line, Najafgarh and Yamuna Bank for the Blue Line, Shastri Park for the Red Line and Sarita Vihar for the Violet Line. [29][109][110][111][112] [edit] Broad gauge The broad gauge rolling stock is manufactured by two major suppliers. For the Phase I, the rolling stock was supplied by a consortium of companies comprising Hyundai Rotem, Mitsubishi Corporation, and MELCO. The coaches were initially built in South Korea by ROTEM,[113] then in Bangalore by BEML through a technology transfer arrangement. [114] These trains consist of four 3. 2-metre (10  ft) wide stainless steel lightweight coaches with vestibules permitting movement throughout their length and can carry up to 1500 passengers,[115] with 50 seated and 330 standing passengers per coach. 116] The coaches are fully air conditioned, equipped with automatic doors, microprocessor-controlled brakes and secondary air suspension,[117] and are capable of maintaining an average speed of 32  km/h (20  mph) over a distance of 1. 1  km (0. 68  mi). [116] The system is extensible up to eight coaches, and platforms have been designed accordingly. [115] The rolling stock for Phase II is being supplied by Bombardier Transportation, which has received an order f or 614 cars worth approximately US$ 1100 million. 118] While initial trains were made in Germany and Sweden, the remainder will be built at Bombardier's factory in Savli, near Vadodara. [119] These trains are a mix of four-car and six-car consists, capable of accommodating 1178 and 1792 commuters per train respectively. The coaches possess several improved features like Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras with eight-hour backup for added security, charging points in all coaches for cell phones and laptops, improved air conditioning to provide a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius even in packed conditions and heaters for winter. 120] [edit] Standard gauge The standard gauge rolling stock is manufactured by BEML at its factory in Bangalore. The trains are four-car consists with a capacity of 1506 commuters per train,[121] accommodating 50 seated and 292 standing passengers in each coach. [116] These trains will have CCTV cameras in and outside the coaches, power supply connections inside coaches to charge mobiles and laptops, better humidity control, microprocessor-controlled disc brakes,[122] and will be capable of maintaining an average speed of 34  km/h (21  mph) over a distance of 1.   km (0. 68  mi). [116] [edit] Airport Express Eight 6-car trains supplied by CAF Beasain of Spain were imported. [123] CAF holds 5% equity in the DAME project, Reliance Infrastructure holds the remaining 95%. [57] The trains on this line are entirely different from the existing ones and have in-built noise reduction features for a noise-free ride with padded fabric seats. The coaches are equipped with LCD screens for entertainment of the passengers and also provide flight information for convenience of air travellers. The trains are fitted with an event recorder which can withstand high levels of temperature and impact and the wheels have flange lubrication system for less noise and better riding comfort. [124] [edit] Maglev On 7 December 2011, the government informed the Rajya Sabha that it was planning to introduce magnetic levitation wheel-less trains on the Delhi Metro. Minister of State for Urban Development Saugata Roy said: â€Å"The Delhi Metro proposes to introduce the wheel-less trains. The introduction of Maglev technology of Metro connectivity by DMRC is only at a conceptual stage for the present. â€Å"[125] The Maglev technology uses magnetic levitation to suspend, guide and propel mass rapid systems. [edit] Signalling and telecommunication The Delhi Metro uses cab signalling along with a centralised automatic train control system consisting of automatic train operation, Automatic Train Protection and automatic train signalling modules. 126] A 380  MHz digital trunked TETRA radio communication system from Motorola is used on all 6 lines to carry both voice and data information. [127] For Line 3,4 Siemens Transportation Systems has supplied the electronic interlocking Sicas, the operation control system Vicos OC 500 and the automation control system LZB 700 M. [128] An integrated system comprising optical fibre cable, on-train radio, CCTV, and a centralised clock and public address system is used for telecommunication during train operations as well as emergen cies. 129] For Line-1 and Line-2 ALSTOM has supplied signalling system and for line 5,6 Bombardier has supplied signalling system. [edit] Environment and aesthetics The Delhi Metro has won awards for environmentally friendly practices from organisations including the United Nations,[130] RINA,[131] and the International Organization for Standardization,[131] becoming the second metro in the world, after the New York City Subway, to be ISO 14001 certified for environmentally friendly construction. [132] Most of the Metro tations on the Blue Line conduct rainwater harvesting as an environmental protection measure. [133] It is also the first railway project in the world to earn carbon credits after being registered with the United Nations under the Clean Development Mechanism,[134] and has so far earned 400,000 carbon credits by saving energy through the use of regenerative braking systems on its trains. [135] The Metro has been promoted as an integral part of community infrastructure, and community artwork depicting the local way of life has been put on display at stations. 136] Students of local art colleges have also designed decorative murals at Metro stations,[137] while pillars of the viaduct on some elevated sections have been decorated with mosaic murals created by local schoolchildren. [138] The Metro station at INA Colony has a gallery showcasing artwork and handicrafts from across India,[139] while all stations on the Central Secretariat – Qutub Minar section of the Yellow Line have panels installed on the monumental architectural heritage of Delhi. [

Comprehension of Prisoners Without Trial Essay

Roger Daniels’ book Prisoners without Trial is another book that describes the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II. This piece discusses about the background that led up to the internment, the internment itself, and what happened afterwards. The internment and relocation of Japanese-Americans during World War II was an injustice prompted by political and racial motivations. The author’s purpose of this volume is to discuss the story in light of the redress and reparation legislation enacted in 1988. Even though Daniels gives first hand accounts of the internment of Japanese Americans in his book, the author is lacking adequate citations and provocative quotations. It’s unfortunate that Daniels does not provide the more substantive treatment he used in the volume he co-edited with Sandra Taylor, Japanese Americans, From Relocation to Redress. The history that led up to the internment was basically an anti-Oriental prejudice that began on the West Coast. When the Chinese immigrants started immigrating to the United States, they posed a social problem. â€Å"As the numbers of Chinese laborers increased, so did the strength of anti-Chinese sentiment among other workers in the American economy. This finally resulted in legislation that aimed to limit future immigration of Chinese workers to the United States, and threatened to sour diplomatic relations between the United States and China.†[1] As a result of this social problem, anti-Chinese prejudice movements began all over the United States and the government fixed this problem by barring the immigration of Chinese immigrants. This prejudice was basically transferred over to the Japanese and this prejudice was felt by many United States citizens, including President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Daniels notes that, in California, â€Å"in the early 1900’s most of the political parties, the Republicans, the Democrats, and the third party, the Populist, along with the American Federation of Labor, were all against the Japanese immigration† because they believed that Japanese immigration was going to have the same result as the Chinese immigration.[2] The San Francisco Chronicle newspaper began a series of virul ent attacks on the Japanese in America during 1905, matching some of the â€Å"worst tabloid trash-type journalism† that anyone has ever seen. The result was to further inflame public opinion which the politicians were then more than willing to use to further their own purposes. Daniels states that â€Å"politicians from different states were trying to get elected by appealing to the populace and their views. Thus, presidents such as Woodrow Wilson publicly shared his anti-Oriental views. Woodrow Wilson released a strong statement opposing Oriental immigration. What is even less known is that Wilson’s statement was not his own, but was written for him by his chief California backer, James D. Phelan of San Francisco.†[3] According to Daniels, this episode is significant for two reasons: first, it reveals the strong anti-Oriental bias of the leaders of the Wilson Democrats of California; second, it shows the degree to which an unauthentic expression of opinion can delude both the voter and the participants themselves. A very interesting thing is a breakdown of the types of businesses persons of Japanese ancestry who were involved in the city of Seattle and in different cities along the West Coast. As Japanese immigrants came to the United States, they came to the West Coast because of the economic success awaiting there. They ran hotels, grocery stores, dry cleaners, market stands, produce houses, restaurants, barbershops, laundries or gardening services. A lot of them were also involved in farming in rural communities. The Japanese went to America for more opportunities but at that time, there were only two colors that people recognized. Those two colors were white and black. The Japanese really wanted to be a U.S. citizen so they could own land. After they get the land, they could start their own business and make a lot of money. Without their own business, they had to work for whites at low wages. Japanese believed that the way out of low paying jobs was a good education. There was too much discrimination against them so the second generation of Japanese in America had to follow the footsteps of their parents to low paying jobs. The Japanese were still very determined to make it big in America. They wanted to do whatever it took but the Japanese have to overcome a lot of discrimination from the white citizens. The Japanese were very smart but they weren’t able to do what they were capable of in the United States of America. The author talks about the war in Europe and how fast Hitler’s victories were. There was a belief in American government agencies that this happened because there was a vast â€Å"fifth column† of saboteurs and subversives that helped him, which was something that was totally untrue.[4] This same type of thinking, that the military of the â€Å"good† countries could not have lost so easily unless they were betrayed, was carried over into the attack on Pearl Harbor where, for a long while, the belief was that it was not our military’s fault at all for not being ready; it was all due to a massive number of persons of Japanese ancestry living in Hawaii that aided the attacking planes.[5] That, also, was totally rejected later, but was useful to the politicians for inflaming public opinion against the Japanese Americans. There was a proposal to let the Japanese Americans stay on the West Coast and just keep them away from any â€Å"sensitive† areas, but the politicians and hate-mongers were against such a limited program, wanting the â€Å"Jap problem† to be dealt with once and for all. Soon after Pearl Harbor the draft boards began classifying Japanese Americans as 4-C, which is a category reserved for enemy aliens.[6] Daniels also points out that, if it was so necessary for military reasons to remove Japanese Americans from the West Coast then that would have been even truer for the Japanese Americans in Hawaii where they formed almost a third of the population. The persons of Japanese Ancestry in California, though, only formed 2% of the population. Daniels later discusses the internment camp descriptions and places the events into four different phases: (1) Settling in (spring1942 – February 1943), (2) registration/ segregation crisis (February 1943-Janurary 1944), (3) draft crisis (January 1944- November 1945), and (4) leaving camp (summer 1946-March 1946). Overall, the book gives the reader a multi-dimensional view on the Japanese internment, which allows the reader to see the political and racial views behind the Executive Order 9066 and the internment of the Japanese. Citation: Daniel, Roger. Prisoners without Trial: Japanese Americans in World War II. 1st ed. New York: Hill and Wang, 1993. ———————– [1] Roger Daniel, Prisoners without Trial: Japanese Americans in World War II, (New York: Hill and Wang, 1993), 41. [2] Daniel I bid., 67. [3] I bid., 53. [4] Daniel I bid., 109. [5] I bid., 91. [6] Daniel I bid., 32.

How to Write a Short Story with 11 Easy Steps for Satisfying Stories

How to Write a Short Story with 11 Easy Steps for Satisfying Stories How to Write a Short Story with 11 Easy Steps for Satisfying Stories You probably don’t think short stories are very hard to write.In fact, you might be the type who assumes short stories are even easier because, wellthey’re short.But that’s just not the case and I’ll tell you why in just a minute.If you want to learn how to write a short story, youll have to go through these main steps:Know your characterOutline your short storyStart with something out of the ordinaryGet your draft done as soon as possibleEdit your short storyTitle your short storyGet feedback about itPractice oftenWrite a short story every dayDefine your core messageWrite a satisfying endingBut before we dive into these exact methods for how to write a short story, let’s talk about why any and all writers should learn how to craft solid, captivating short stories, even if your end writing goal is to write full-length novels or even nonfiction. Why All Writers Should Learn How to Write a Good Short StoryThere’s a lot more to writing short st ories than you may think. Just because they’re shorter in length doesn’t mean it takes any less skill to execute a good one.In fact, being able to tell a full story in such a short amount of time arguably takes more skill than writing a full-length novel or nonfiction book.That being said, why is it beneficial for all writers to learn how to write a short story?NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Fiction Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it here#1 You learn the skill of showingWhen you only have a few pages to hook readers, paint a clear picture of the character, and tell a story, you end up mastering the skill of showing instead of telling. The reason for this is because,in order to accomplish a successful and good short story, showing is a major part of that.It’s far too difficult to write a great short story without showing the details and using strong verbs to pain t a clear image of your character’s life.Those skills will transfer into anything you write, automatically making it that much better. #2 You’ll strengthen individual chaptersNo matter if you’re a fiction writer or if you prefer nonfiction, the idea here is the same.A chapter is basically a short story that’s a part of a bigger whole. The sameskills you apply to write a great short story will also help you write stronger chapters.Each part of your book should be polished, strong, and enticing for your readers. Using short story writing methods will help you achieve that within your chapters.Why is writing good chapters important if there’s a whole book available for someone to read?Because it hooks readers and keeps them turning that page.And when readers look back on an entire book filled with incredible chapters, the entire book as a whole will be seen as being that much better.Hello, 5-star reviews!#3 It makes the story sections of your nonfiction book more captivatingEvery nonfiction book has portions where stories must be told in order to get the point across.This is what allows pe ople to relate to you as an author, which pulls them in deeper and makes the core message of your book resonate with them more.But if those stories are weak, not well-written, and lackluster, it’s unlikely someone will enjoy them as much.It’s also likely that your message will get lost because the book doesnt carry the same impact.How long are short stories?Short stories should remain below 7,000 words in order to be considered a short story. They can be as short as only one sentence, as this is known as flash fiction.You already know that short stories areshorter than your average novel but do they have any other difference?Here’s a chart detailing the main differences in how many words are in short stories, novels, novellas, and nonfiction works.Type of WritingWord CountPages in a Typical BookExampleShort story100 - 15,0001 - 24 pages"The Gift of the Magi" by O. HenryNovella30,000 - 60,000100 - 200 pages"A Clockwork Orange" by Anthony BurgessNovel60,000 - 100, 000200 - 350 pages"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone": by JK RowlingEpic Novel120,00 - 220,000+400 - 750+ pages"Game of Thrones" by George R.R. MartinAs you can see, the main difference is length, but that’s not all. When you write a short story, you’re only writing a very impactful snippet of your character’s otherwise full life.You don’t have to unpack your entire character’s life story in a few hundred words in order to write a great short story.How to Write a Short StoryIf you’re ready to tackle this avenue of creative writing or you just want to learn how to write a short story to strengthen the overall quality of your book, here’s how you can do that.#1 FocusonCharacterDevelopmentIn order for a short story to be impactful, you have to know your character well. Having good character development is essential in short stories, since your characters often drive the story.You only have a certain amount of time to show your reade rs who that person is and you can’t do that if you don’t even know who they are.Think about it.If you write a short story about your best friend, whom you’ve known for many years, versus writing one about someone you just met yesterday, you’ll be able to craft a much stronger story about your best friend because you know them so well.The same goes for your fictional characters.You don’t have to spend a ton of time on your main character, but know their history, age, personality, family life, friend life, love life, and other details that shape the way someone sees the world.Heres a sample of what a character arc typically looks like in a full novel:Keep in mind that since your short story is, well, shorter than a novel, you may remove a few steps. Knowing the overall character journey, however, can be helpful for character development within short stories.#2 OutlineThankfully, the outlining process for a short story is much easier than a full nove l, but I do still advise creating one in order to have a cohesive flow throughout the story.This is definitely useful for those of you who prefer outlining versus just writing by the seat of your pants.Here’s what your outline should encompass for a short story:The point of view you’ll useHow you’ll start the storyHow you’ll get from the beginning to the main issueWhat happens at the â€Å"climax† (yes, even short stories have one!)Resolution of the main issueThe very endKeep in mind that your short story can end very abruptly or you can flesh it out until there’s a satisfying ending.This is really up to you as an author to decide.Yes, even short stories need outlinesif you want them to feel complete, that is.Click To Tweet#3 Start with something out of the ordinaryIn order to hook readers with a short story, you should start with something that’ll catch someone’s attention right off the bat.Take Hannah Lee Kidder’s exa mple from the video above. One of the short stories in heranthology, Little Birds, opens with a woman collecting roadkill.Odd? Yes. Attention grabbing? You bet!Because we’re automatically intrigued by the fact that people don’t normally go around collecting roadkill.Now, you don’t have to start your short story with something as strange as that but you do want to give your readers a sense of who your character is by depicting something different right away that also has to do with the core focus of your short story.Take this short story called The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry, for example. This author starts with a very low money amount and then hits you with the fact that its Christmas the very next day.This is out of the ordinary because many readers understand that having such little money (scraped up money, at that) right before Christmas isnt typical. Its odd and also hits their emotions right away.#4 Get the draft done ASAPDone is better than perfect. We ’ve all heard or read these words time and time again and that’s because they’re important; they’re true.This is especially the case when it comes to short stories. Once you have your outline and know how to start writing, drafting the short story in full comes next. Don’t worry about editing or polishing the story up in any way right now. After all, you can’t possibly make good edits until you know what the story looks like in full.That would be like matching your earrings to your pants without first having the full outfit put together. You don’t know if those earrings work well with it until you see what else youll be wearing.It’s the same for writing. Focus on getting your draft done so you can move on to the next step.#5 Edit your short storyEditing is where the real magic happens when it comes to writing. We all have this idea in our minds that we’ll get it perfect the first time and that’s just not how wri ting works.Most of the time, your first draft is just the bare bones of what’s to come but through line editing, developmental edits, and proofreading, it will transform into something better.Think of the actual writing as the wooden structure of a house and the editing as the drywall, paint, windows, light fixtures, doors, and anything else that’ll make the house complete.These are a few things to keep an eye out for when editing your short story:Point of view consistencyTense consistency Consistency with the setting of your storyWeak verbs (replace them with our list of strong verbs found right here!)Showing versus telling (readers need you to show more!)Stronger imagerySpelling/grammar/dialogue The editing process for short stories is pretty much the same for novels. The only difference is that short stories tend to focus more on imagery and exposition than they do full character and plot development.#6 Title it!This can be one of the most difficult things for any book, let alone a story that’s only a few hundred to a few thousand words.The good news? Short story titles are a little less important than titles for novels. They can also be very abstract.What you want to think of when titling your short story is this:What’s the overarching theme?What is something unique about the story?What sounds intriguing but not explanatory? What makes sense after reading the short story?These questions will help you develop a title that not only makes sense, but is also intriguing enough to pull readers in while staying true to what the story is about.#7 Get feedbackNo matter how experienced (or inexperienced) you are as a writer, you need feedback.In order to learn and improve and ensure your message is coming across as desired, you need someone else’s fresh eyes on it.Heres an example of what feedback might look like if youre using Google Docs to write your short story:We need this help because the simple fact is, we’re too cl ose to our writing.It’s impossible to read your story with a critical eye when you’re the one who came up with and wrote it in the first place.Allowing others to read your work and offer feedback is one of the best ways to improve and make sure your story is exactly how you want it. #8 Practice by writing short stories oftenThe number one best way to learn how to write good short stories is by writing them often.When youre writing regularly, your brain falls into the habit of being creative and thinking in terms of short stories.The more you do it, the easier it will get and the more youll improve. So focus on writing a certain number of short stories per week and stick to that even if they arent your favorite.#9 Write one short story every day for 30 daysThis is separate from writing short stories often. If you really want to kickstart your progress and get really good quickly, then create a challenge for yourself.Write one short story, whether its 500 or 1,000 wor ds, per day for an entire month. When youre done, youll have 30 full short stories to review, edit, and improve upon. Doing this not only builds a habit, but it also gives you a lot of experience quickly.After those 30 days, youll know more about how you like to write short stories, which mean more to you, and how to write them to be good.#10 Focus on a single message to shareShort stories are known for being impactful even though theyre not novel-length.And that means they have to have a core theme or message you want to get across. This can be anything from loving yourself to ignoring societal expectations.In order to do this, think about what you want people to walk away from your story feeling.What is the desired outcome?If you just want people to enjoy the story, thats great. However, what makes a story impactful and enjoyable is whatreaderstakeawayfromit.Brainstorm some themes that are important to you and work your short story around them. This will not only make you care ab out your story more (which means itll be written better), but itll also make ti more satisfying for readers.#11 Tie it up with a satisfying ending Nobody likes a story that ends on a major cliffhanger.Its okay for your short story to have an unresolved ending. In fact, thatll likely be the case simply because the story iswell, short.But you do want to tie your story up in a way that leaves the reader feeling satisfied even if they didnt get all the answers.Many times, this means circling back to an idea or element presented in the beginning.This structure often allows readers to feel as though theyve read a complete story versus just a snippet of a larger one.Short stories arguably need BETTER, more satisfying endings than full-length novelsClick To TweetShort Story IdeasNow that you know how to write a short story, its time to put these new skills to the test with some short story ideas guaranteed to produce something interesting and intriguing.Here are 20 short story ideas to tak e your writing to the next level:Your character opens the mailbox to find their biggest fear inside.After a devastating fall, your character is learning the hardships of healing after an accident.Your character accidentally insults their companys CEO right before a big promotion.Your characterlost a child years ago but lives as if it just happened the day before.Your characters village wise woman tells the story of how magic was lost due to abuse.Your character lives in a space pod traveling space, and theyre also claustrophobic.Ash floated from the mountaintop and awoke your character from their nights sleep.Your character hasnt eaten in days and stumbles uponreal berries, and so does a starving bear.When your characters heart is broken, they must find a way to heal it any way.Your character is an orphaned 7-year-old who hears voices.Your character just found out they have a rare diseasethat hasnt been detected anywhere in centuries.After a fight with their ex, your character dec ides to go on a trip to the neighboring town that hosts veryunusual tales.Your character accidentally runs into the wrong person on the streetand now they cant sleep at night.When your character moves schools, they didnt expect to find a secret lurking throughout the schoolthat all the teachers know about.Its your characters turn in their cultures ritual of fighting a lion barehanded. Theyve never been good in fights.After extreme weather conditions plague your characters town, they finally leave home to find everybody has gone missing.Your character is in the back of an ambulance, trying desperately to revive someone whos apparently deadso why are they still away and breathing?After a short stint at a hospital as a nurse, your character decides to take their skills to the mountains as a wilderness medical professional. They just didnt expect to find odd and interesting injuries among campers.An apple appears at your characters front door every morning and they cant figure out whos putting it there.When an avalanche quakes the mountains in your characters town, it unveils something thats been hidden formillenia.Tips for Writing with Short Story Ideas:Sometimes short story ideas are enough but if you want to utilize them effectively, keep these tips in mind:#1 Keep it simple and focus on a single portion of a characters life#2 Make sure the reader has a clear picture of your character right away#3 Focus on the theme and message youre trying to get across#4 Let the short story idea create a life of its own#5 Be unique and think of many possible endings to the story before outliningHowtoStartWritingYourShortStoriesNow you know how to write a short story! But how do you go from having all this knowledge in your brain to actually writing a short story worth reading?We’ve got those next steps for you.#1 Free TrainingLearning how to write a short story is only the first step toward becoming a published author and we have the rest of them for you.

The Most Controversial Plays of the 20th Century

The Most Controversial Plays of the 20th Century The theater is a perfect venue for social commentary and many playwrights have used their position to share their beliefs on various issues affecting their time. Quite often, they push the boundaries of what the public deems acceptable and a play can quickly become very controversial. The years of the 20th century were filled with social, political, and economic controversy and a number of plays written during the 1900s addressed these issues. How Controversy Takes Shape On the Stage An older generations controversy is the next generations banal standard. The fires of controversy often fade as time goes by. For example, when we look at Ibsens A Dolls House we can see why it was so provocative during the late 1800s. Yet, if we were to set A Dolls House in modern day America, not too many people would be shocked by the plays conclusion. We might yawn as Nora decides to leave her husband and family. We might nod to ourselves thinking, Yep, theres another divorce, another broken family. Big deal. Because theater pushes the boundaries, it often evokes heated conversations, even public outrage. Sometimes the impact of the literary work generates societal change. With that in mind, lets take a brief look at the most controversial plays of the 20th century. Springs Awakening This caustic critique by Frank Wedekind is one  of hypocrisy and societys flawed sense of morality stands up for the rights of adolescents. Written in Germany in the late 1800s, it was not actually performed until 1906. Springs Awakening is subtitled  A Childrens Tragedy. In recent years Wedekinds play (which has been banned and censored many times during its history) has been adapted into a critically acclaimed musical, and with good reason. The storyline is saturated with dark, brooding satire, teen angst, blossoming sexuality, and tales of innocence lost.The main characters are youthful, likable, and naive. The adult characters, in contrast, are stubborn, ignorant, and almost inhuman in their callousness.When the so-called moral adults rule by shame instead of compassion and openness, the adolescent characters pay a heavy toll. For decades, many theaters and critics considered Springs Awakening perverse and unsuitable for audiences, showing just how accurately Wedekind critiqued turn-of-the-century values. The Emperor Jones Although it is generally not considered the best play by Eugene ONeill, The Emperor Jones is perhaps his most controversial and cutting-edge. Why? In part, because of its visceral and violent nature. In part, because of its post-colonialist criticism. But mainly because it did not marginalize African and African-American culture in a time when openly racist minstrel shows were still considered acceptable entertainment. Originally performed in the early 1920s, the play details the rise and fall of Brutus Jones, an African-American railway worker who becomes a thief, a killer, an escaped convict, and after journeying to the West Indies, the self-proclaimed ruler of an island. Although Jones character is villainous and desperate, his corrupt value system has been derived by observing upper-class white Americans. As the island people rebel against Jones, he becomes a hunted man and undergoes a primal transformation. Drama critic Ruby Cohn writes: The Emperor Jones ​is at once a gripping drama about an oppressed American black, a modern tragedy about a hero with a flaw, an expressionist quest play probing to the racial roots of the protagonist; above all, it is more highly theatrical than its European analogues, gradually quickening the tom-tom from normal pulse-rhythm, stripping away colorful costume to the naked man beneath, subordinating dialogue to innovative lighting in order to illuminate an individual and his racial heritage. As much as he was a playwright, ONeill was a social critic who abhorred ignorance and prejudice. At the same time, while the play demonizes colonialism, the main character exhibits many immoral qualities.   Jones is by no means a role model character. African-American playwrights such as Langston Hughes, and later on Lorraine Hansberry, would create plays that celebrated the courage and compassion of black Americans. This is something not seen in ONeills work, which focuses on the turbulent lives of derelicts, both black and white. Ultimately, the diabolical nature of the protagonist leaves modern audiences wondering whether or not The Emperor Jones did more harm than good. The Childrens Hour Lillian Hellmans 1934 drama about a little girls destructive rumor touches upon what was once an incredibly taboo subject: lesbianism. Because of its subject matter, The Childrens Hour was banned in Chicago, Boston, and even London. The play tells the story of Karen and Martha, two close (and very platonic) friends and colleagues. Together, they have established a successful school for girls. One day, a bratty student claims that she witnessed the two teachers romantically entwined. In a witch-hunt style  frenzy, accusations ensue, more lies are told, parents panic and innocent lives are ruined. The most tragic event occurs during the plays climax. Either in a moment of exhausted confusion or stress-induced enlightenment, Martha confesses her romantic feelings for Karen. Karen tries to explain that Martha is simply tired  and that she needs to rest. Instead, Martha walks into the next room (off-stage) and shoots herself. Ultimately, the shame unleashed by the community became too great, Marthas feelings too difficult to accept, thus ending with a needless suicide. Although perhaps tame by todays standards, Hellmans drama paved the way for a more open discussion about social and sexual mores, ultimately leading to more modern (and equally controversial) plays, such as: Angels in AmericaTorch Song TrilogyBentThe Laramie Project Considering a rash of recent suicides due to rumors, school bullying, and hate crimes against young gays and lesbians, The Childrens Hour has taken on a new-found relevancy.   Mother Courage and Her Children Written by Bertolt Brecht in the late 1930s, Mother Courage is a stylistic yet grimly disturbing depiction of the horrors of war. The title character is a cunning female protagonist who believes that she will be able to profit from war. Instead, as the war rages on for twelve years, she beholds the death of her children, their lives vanquished by the culminating violence. In a particularly grisly scene, Mother Courage watches the body of her recently executed son being tossed into a pit. Yet she does not acknowledge him for fear of being identified as the mother of the enemy. Although the play is set in the 1600s, the anti-war sentiment resonated amongst audience during its debut in 1939 and beyond. Over the decades, during such conflicts as the Vietnam War and the wars in Iraq  and Afghanistan, scholars and theater directors have turned to Mother Courage and Her Children, reminding audiences of the horrors of war. Lynn Nottage was so moved by Brechts work she traveled to war-torn Congo in order to write her intense drama, Ruined. Although her characters exhibit much more compassion than Mother Courage, we can see the seeds of Nottages inspiration. Rhinoceros Perhaps the perfect example of the Theater of the Absurd,  Rhinoceros is based upon a deviously strange concept: Humans are turning into rhinos. No, its not a play about the Animorphs and its not a science-fiction fantasy about were-rhinos (although that would be awesome). Instead, Eugene Ionescos play is a warning against conformity. Many view the transformation from human to rhino as a symbol of conformism. The play is often seen as a warning against the rise of deadly political forces such as Stalinism and fascism. Many believe that dictators such as Stalin and Hitler must have brainwashed the  citizens  as if the population was somehow fooled into accepting an immoral regime. However, in contrast to popular belief, Ionesco demonstrates how some people, drawn toward the bandwagon of conformity, make a conscious choice to abandon their individuality, even their  humanity  and succumb the forces  of society.

Professional Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Professional Business Report - Essay Example Certain topics in different business courses are primarily important as far as the business world is concerned. This paper explores three key topics that are essentially influential in the business and professional setting. The first topic of focus is the 7Cs. The 7Cs stand for cash, customers, culture/coworkers, change, clock, cooperation, and communication. This topic is essential because it covers the most critical factors that drive business success. Business enterprises deal with the outlined factors on a daily basis. To start with, business enterprises and entrepreneurial ventures operate under profit motives. The bid to earn maximum revenues, minimize operational costs, and make high constitute the simplest goals and objectives pursued by businesses. The cash factor, therefore, fosters the understanding of business dynamics especially in regards to financial goals, decision-making, and management. The customer is an important party in the business world. The success of any given enterprise depends on the extent to which customers’ interests are met. At the same time, an enterprise cannot base its success on markets without accounting for the welfare of the consumer. In this respect, the customer is the primary driver of the business world. Even with high quality and affordable products and/or services, an organization cannot perform without selling and doing business with consumers. This lesson is critical because individual going into the business world must understand the importance of customers or consumers in the business world. The third component in the 7Cs accounts for culture/coworkers. The business world cannot do without these two fundamental aspects. In today’s business world, cultural diversity is the order of the day. Globalization and liberalization of both trade and commerce has increasingly converted the world into a highly