Who Should Have Been King in 1066?

Who Should Have Been King in 1066? Introduction This essay is about who should have been king in 1066. Edward the Confessor died on 5th January 1066. The King of England was usually the son or another close relation of the previous king. Edward had no children or any surviving brother or sister. There were four people waiting to be the next king. They were Edgar Etheling, Harold Godwinson, William Duke of Normandy and Harald Hadrada. Only one of the four people could be the King of England at any one time. This essay will give you an insight into each of the characters.It will explain who they are, why they should have been king, and what I thought about them. Finally, I will conclude who I thought should have been king in 1066. The Four Possible Kings Edgar Etheling Edgar was Edward’s great nephew, the closest relation of Edward. He was born in Hungary in 1052, and was the last prince of the old West Saxons royal line when Edward the Confessor died on January 5th 1066. At the time, it was decided Edgar was too young to inherit the throne, so it went to Harold Godwinson instead. Harold Godwinson became King Harold II, but was killed in the Battle of Hastings later that same year.The Witan Council chose Edgar as the next king of England. Edgar became king, but resigned only a few months later after he was forced to surrender by William the Conqueror. After abdicating, he went on to live a long life. Edgar should have been king because he was of royal blood and was the closest relation to Edward. He had a claim to the throne because he was a blood relative. Edgar was a direct descendant of Alfred the Great – the most respected of all Anglo Saxon kings. I thought Edgar was too young to be king, and also too young to lead England.He did not have the wealth, power or strength to be king. He was not considered strong enough to defend the realm from the Normans and the Vikings. Harold Godwinson Otherwise known as Harold of Wessex, he was one of the most powerful men in England, as Wessex was a very rich and important area. He was the son of Earl Godwin of Wessex. He had been an advisor to Edward the Confessor, and had proved himself to be a good leader. Harold and his family had established alliances with all the major nobles of England. On his deathbed, Edward is said to have promised Harold the crown.Harold Godwinson should have been king because Edward had promised the crown to him on his deathbed. He was the favourite of many English thanes who would choose the next king. In 1066, you didn’t have to be the closest relation to be king. Harold was the Earl of Wessex, one of the most powerful leaders in England. He was also the richest man in England. Harold claimed the throne of England was not based on being a blood relative, but he was Edward’s brother-in-law. I thought Harold was brave and courageous fighting for his country, and subsequently dying in the Battle of Hastings.Sadly, he didn’t always keep his promises though. He swore an oath to William Duke of Normandy in 1064, to support him to the claim of the English throne. He then went back on his word, saying he that had been tricked into taking the oath. William, Duke of Normandy William was Edward’s second cousin. He became Duke of Normandy when he was only seven years old. He ruled as the King of England from 1066–1087. In 1085, he commissioned the collection of the Domesday Book. When Harold broke the oath, William received religious and political backing from Rome, to start a Holy Crusade against Harold, who the Pope had excommunicated.On 25th September 1066, William of Normandy’s 7,000 soldiers landed in the South of England. They defeated King Harold’s army at the Battle of Hastings, and William became King of England. He rewarded his vassals from Normandy with the lands of many English nobles. William’s claim to the throne was based on the fact he believed Harold Godwinson had sworn a sa cred oath of allegiance to him and his right to be king. He also justified his claim through his blood relationship with Edward the Confessor, as they were distant cousins. He claimed Edward the Confessor had designated him as his successor.I thought William had a compassionate side when he saved Harold from a shipwreck. He also helped Edward to protect his throne, by sending Norman soldiers to live in England and protect Edward. Sadly, he also had a ruthless side, ravaging great sections of England, after the English struggled to accept him as his king. Harald Hadrada Harald Hadrada was a very powerful man as he was already the King of Norway. When Edward the Confessor died in 1066, Harald claimed his father and his descendents had been promised the English throne by King Hardicanute, who ruled England from 1040-1042.In 1066 Tostig, the brother of Harold of Wessex went to Norway to meet King Hadrada. The two men agreed to invade England and in early September, around 300 ships sail ed around the coast of England and did some plundering. When King Harold was told by a messenger that Hadrada had invaded with the intention of conquering all of England, he gathered his army. On 25th September, Harold’s army arrived in Yorkshire. He took Tostig and Hadrada by surprise at Stamford Bridge, and both Hadrada and Tostig were killed.Harold Hadrada’s claim to the throne was based on an agreement between his father and King Hardicanute, the Danish ruler of England. England was ruled by Norwegian kings right up to 1042, when the Saxon King Edward took the throne from them. There were a lot Viking families living in the north of England, who would have liked Harald being the King of England. I thought Harald was a very powerful man who wanted the throne of England like lots of other people. Harald wasn’t very strategic and failed to topple the Danish King Sweign II because of his lack of planning, which would ultimately be his downfall.At Stamford Bridge , he wasn’t prepared for Harold and his army and was killed. Conclusion I think Harold Godwinson should have been king after Edward the Confessor died because he was a strong political and military leader in his own right. He was the only Englishman and was promised the throne by Edward, his brother-in-law. Harold was the most powerful man in England. He wanted to unite the various factions in England to bring peace to the land. He thought a strong ruler was needed to bring an end to all the fighting.

Does “Assassin’s Creed” Influence a Teen’s Mind Essay

Imagine a world where everything that happened was secretly controlled by a large organization of people. Every day you are constantly recorded and monitored. Everything that you do is secretly planned out in advance, yet you think that everything you’re doing is by your own free will. Everyone including your family, your friends, and the government are all controlled by this organization, and you can’t even tell. While you blithely and involuntarily follow the path planned out for you, another organization is secretly and quietly trying to put a stop to the evil plans of the organization that wants to control your every move. This is the plotline of a very popular videogame known as Assassin’s Creed. Assassin’s Creed is a great game that has influenced and challenged people’s view on government and democracy. The game Assassin’s Creed influences people’s minds by making them think more outside the box, and by aiding there curiosity of conspiracy theories. Assassin’s Creed take places in 2012, following the life of Desmond Miles, a bartender who is a descendant of several Assassins. Although Desmond was raised as an Assassin, he fled his nomadic family to seek out a more common lifestyle. While enjoying his freedom he is kidnapped by an evil company known as Abstergo Industries, the modern-day face of the Knights Templar who are aware of Desmond’s ancestry. Templars want to control everyone, and they believe in absolute order similar to totalitarianism. Desmond is forced to use a device known as an â€Å"Animus† which allows him to experience his assassin ancestral memories. Abstergo is seeking to discover the location of several artifacts, known as â€Å"Pieces of Eden,† in order to obtain great power and control mankind and alter its fate, bringing humanity into a single unified group. Later Desmond escapes Abstergo due to the help of some modern-day Assassins who he later ends up working with. Desmond uses their version of the Animus (Animus 2.0) to continue to re-live the memories of his ancestors and discover the locations of the Pieces of Eden before Abstergo can do so. Desmond relives the events of his Assassin ancestors who live in worlds full of chaos, injustice, and indirect captivity. Doesn’t this seem similar to the way the world is today? Several countries have yet to establish a government system where people have a say in what they want the government to do for them. There are even more countries that have yet to abolish their governing laws on slavery. Our own government is hiding secrets from us (trying to protect us), yet causing more accidents and tragedies that could be avoided if only we had access to their classified information. Assassin’s Creed is a completely made up story, but it has a lot of interesting and intuitive facts to its plot. In fact, the majority of it seems plausible, and many others within my age group seem to think the sa me after playing this game. Along with the several games that my peers play that can relate to Assassin’s Creed, there are also several books that are similar. Assassin’s Creed got its inspiration from the novel Alamut written by a Slovenian writer Vladimir Bartol, which is what inspired most of the first game’s plot. Another story very similar to the plotline of Assassin’s Creed is The Traveler written by John Twelve Hawks. The book takes place in the future and lays out a world where the power lies not with people or governments, but in the hands of a secret organization who call themselves â€Å"the Brethren.† Their enemies refer to them as â€Å"the Tabula†. The Tabula are an ancient secret society who thinks that control and stability are an absolute necessity, similar to extreme Utilitarianism. The Tabula gets the majority of their influence from the ideas of philosopher Jeremy Bentham. The Tabula wish to enforce a Virtual Panopticon which is a society where all i ndividuals become accustomed to being watched and monitored and they act at all times as if they are being observed; making them more afraid to do immoral things. The Tabula’s sole objective is to kill all Travelers. Travelers are people with the special ability to â€Å"cross-over†, which is often inherited from an ancestor. Crossing-over can be defined as your spirit leaving your body and going off to another realm, and then returning. Upon this return, most Travelers would have experienced a different perspective of our world. Many Travelers become religious prophets, or enemies of the Tabula who have hunted them almost to extinction. Harlequins are a warrior group sworn to defend the Travelers from the Tabula. The Harlequins are opposed to the Tabula, and the two sides spent centuries fighting over control and power which allowed the Tabula to gain control and almost completely exterminate the Travelers and Harlequins. Despite the nobility and self-sacrifice of their cause, the Harlequins are cold and cruel figures who dedicate their lives to fighting and killing without remorse or hesitation. Sound familiar? Due to its graphic, plausible, and suspenseful storyline, Assassins Creed has become a big hit to gamers, historians, and conspiracy theorist alike; causing them to have a current series of five games in all, selling millions of copies worldwide. The series has been a big success and has won a number of awards. All of the Assassin’s Creeds make an adolescent see the world they live in differently. I wouldn’t even have considered governmental control, Templars & Tabula, or Assassins & Harlequins as being realistic, but now I’m starting to have second thoughts (I also know of several friends in the same state as me). Reading books similar to The Traveler and playing videogames similar to Assassin’s Creed makes one think a little more outside the box and take into cons ideration other conspiracy theories and stories.

Dangers of Undercover Police Cars Essay

By definition, the police are a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder. Many people in today’s society do not trust the police. Many feel that the police are out to get them. While some feel that police keep our society in tact, some feel that they are given way to much power. Policing predominantly concerns the preservation of order and peace in our country. With that being said, keeping peace is much different from what I feel that our police enforcement agencies in this country actually do. Often, they do the opposite. Trying to find anything and everything that a citizen is doing incorrectly is not keeping peace. In fact, this causes the distancing between our police and the citizens they are policing. My bill speaks on the removal of undercover police cars from law enforcement. The impacts that these types of police vehicles have on our society all seems to be negative. They are used as a way to catch our citizens off guard, since these vehicles do not appear to be cops. As citizens, we have the right of knowledge. When a police officer is present, I think that we should be able to know. Why are they hiding from us? If they’re here to protect us, why are the not acting like it? Hiding from us makes it seem like they do not want to protect us, but trick us. Police offices’ auction off police cars that are out of commission. At a fairly cheap price, these cars are stripped off all lighting and sirens. But that is not to say they are not deceiving. With a couple of hundred dollars and computer access, you can order almost identical lights and sirens to a police officer. Here is a very scary story involving an innocent women, a criminal and a unmarked police car: It was only 1:30 in the afternoon when the unmarked police car pulled alongside Laura Johnson’s car with their flashing light on their rooftop, and signaled for her to pull over. She sensed something was off, so she kept going and immediately contacted the dispatcher who checked it out and called her back to tell her there were no unmarked police cars in that area. She was told to keep driving. In a short time 4 police cars surrounded Laura and the suspect car. The police apprehended not only a criminal impersonating a police officer, but a convicted rapist wanted by the police for other crimes. That day, Laura got lucky. But if she wouldn’t have sensed that something was off, her fate could be much different. Finally, these undercover police units cost our taxpayers more money that you may imagine. Police cars are purchased in bulk, averaging around 30 thousand apiece fully loaded. But the technologies of an undercover car, with low-key lighting and high tech LED lights placed all around the car push that number up, to around 34 thousand dollars. Lets say in one year there are 10 new undercover cop cars purchased, that’s 40 thousand dollars wasted! Of our taxpayer’s dollars, that could be used for so many other things. With all of that being said, we must pass this bill to remove undercover police cars. For the conversation of our tax money, the honesty we deserve as citizens, and the safety of the men, women, and children of our community. Thank you for your time.

Managing International Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing International Tourism - Essay Example It provides opportunity to its visitors to know more about the history of the storehouse from where it has been originated, the advertisement that are published for the awareness of its products, the process and way of transportation. The storehouse provides an opportunity to the visitors through their involvement of various senses. The store house has adopted the marketing strategy of unique selling proposition in order to attract its visitors. In this case study which deals with a storehouse name as Guinness beer has adopted unique selling proposition marketing strategy. The development of unique selling proposition is mainly considered or regarded as the key challenges that are being faced by the managers in dealing or handling the visitor’s attraction. The unique selling proposition can be defined as the unique position that a company holds in the market place. It is an important or a key element that serves as a weapon for the company to differentiate and distinguish itself from its competitors and gaining competitive advantage in the market (Hindle, 2008). By applying unique selling proposition the company can focus its energy on developing and building the things which will serve the needs of the various segments of the customers. The main importance for adopting unique selling proposition by a company is that it provides the differentiation that is considered and referred to as the most tactical and strategic activities in which the company is required to engage itself constantly. The case Guinness beer has also adopted unique selling proposition as a marketing tactic as it located in such a place that it establishes and sets its business different from others by providing information to the customers and developing a well display system for fascinating the customer and interactions with its visitors. The main aim and focus of Guinness beer is to perform everything

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 36

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE - Essay Example I think the use of hand gestures is also very true for communication with a peer. Do you think that slang or jargon might also be an appropriate in this type of scenario too? I think because of the informality of this type of communication, these elements would be all right to use. I think the easiest type of person to communicate with in a persuasive manner would be an open-minded person. This type of person will be willing to listen to what you have to say no matter what approach you might use. At the same time, however, I think this type of freedom can be a bit overwhelming. I also like what you said about body language and non verbal communication being an important component of persuading a challenging person. If this person sees you with a confrontational stance or attitude, they are likely to also remain confrontational or challenging. Therefore, I think a person would have to be hyper aware of everything that they are doing when communicating with this type of person. Good

A Complete Specification of the Asymptotic Variance Assignment

A Complete Specification of the Asymptotic Variance - Assignment Example The le contains 6,808 observations for individuals living in Ontario. b) Estimate two human capital earnings models, one for men and one for women. Use wage as the dependent variable and include exp, exp2, Educ, not grad, hs grad somepse, uni1, uni2, and marras independent variables. Discuss the goodness of the of the two equations. From the regression table, we observe that the F-computed is 257.6> 1.88260439 (F-critical), we thus reject the null hypothesis that all regression coefficients are equal to zero. This shows that F-test is significant indicating that the observed R-squared is reliable, and is not a spurious result of oddities in the data set. Also, it shows that the proposed relationship between the response variable and the set of predictors is statistically reliable, and can be useful when the research objective is either prediction or explanation. From the regression table, we observe that the F-computed is 356.47> 1.88266598 (F-critical), we thus reject the null hypothesis that all regression coefficients are equal to zero. This shows that F-test is significant indicating that the observed R-squared is reliable, and is not a spurious result of oddities in the data set. Also, it shows that the proposed relationship between the response variable and the set of predictors is statistically reliable, and can be useful when the research objective is either prediction or explanation. c) Interpret the results of the test of overall significance for each equation. Do not forget to state the decision rule for the test, the level of significance you are using, and the critical value of the test statistic. The p-value for the overall model is 0.0000, a value less than 5%, we thus reject the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis states that the coefficient is equal to zero (no effect). We, therefore, conclude that the model is appropriate and that there is the significant effect on the dependent variable (sewage) by the independent variables.  

Reporting a Deal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reporting a Deal - Essay Example In this case, the sentiments of the judge clearly puts the decision of the court on the line and shall leave a question mark in my mind pertaining to the validity and fairness of the possible punishment meted out. So I will have to go to the defense panel and report what I overheard so that they can take the proper moves in order to get a mistrial declared so that a new, impartial judge be assigned to the case. I should do this with the clear understanding that I must be able to stand up and testify to what I overheard in an impartial inquiry of the judges actions. This is because the defense team will be able to bring formal charges forward against the judge in question and my testimony will be vital in that case. Accusing a judge of violating the Code of Judicial Conduct is not a light matter. It entails putting my own career as a police officer on the line therefore I must be absolutely sure that I did not make a mistake nor misconstrue what I overheard. In the end, it is my conviction in my belief and my accurate understanding of the situation that I witnessed which can spell the difference between a fair penalty being applied to the accused or landing an innocent man in

MBA Learning Journal Spring 2013 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MBA Learning Journal Spring 2013 - Assignment Example This will save me consulting several entities, hence save my resources. I chose to pursue my MBA program in Alfaisal University due to several reasons. First, currently I am a project manager in a local company. Consequently, I would be studying as I render my services or duties in my work place. The locality of the university will enable me book evening or weekend classes as I follow my normal career routine. Through this, I will be earning as I expand my business knowledge. Secondly, the Saudi culture and customs require Saudi women to be accompanied whenever they travel to some destinations, and currently I am not in a position to adhere to such customs, I have no one to accompany me. The AUCB MBA program is a good program albeit with some minor drawbacks. However, these do not impact on the quality of the education rendered. I had higher expectations with regard to my MBA program only to receive less my expectations. The doctor taking us through the research methodology course is not audible enough. At times, hardly get his important points during the lecturers. Research methodology is one of the most important unit or course in my program and I think poor lecture may compromise the quality of education I would be subjected to in the future. I am to spend the semester pursuing the course work (theory) and later apply the theoretical knowledge to do my practical or project work. Research methodological skills play important role not only in the project work but even after graduation. The doctor did not meet the course objective as per the course outline that he gave out to the class at the beginning of the course. By this I mean, he skipped some important topics to complete the syllabus in good time. I think this may compromise subsequent courses or units. Finally, his exams were not up to standard according to the Universities exam regulations. He meddled on one topic without providing the students with an option to select questions with favorite topics. Th e university requires a unit like research methodology, having a CF (cumulative factor) below 3.5 to have at least five questions from all the topics and the students must attempt the first question and select the remaining two from the rest. This was never observed by the doctor. If given opportunity to be the director of the AUCB MBA program, I will engage certain initiatives to improve the program’s quality. For instance, I would ensure the curriculum changes in tandem with the requirements of the work environment. The main problem facing the program is the regular alteration of the University’s curriculum. That was in the past. However, the university has since changed and corrected the anomalies. Observing a strict adherence to the university’s curriculum is the guiding principle. This may compromise the graduate acceptance or recruitment in international work places or organizations. As the director, I will be strict on the standard MBA lecture hours and u nits. I would seek to ensure the production of standard MBA graduates with capacities to be recruited in any part of the globe. Furthermore, I will improve communication with the students among other concerned parties with the program, to pass any vital information regarding the program in good time and effectively without any inconveniences. The element of semester trips has also raised some concerns in the university. The University for the Past One year has not been consulting the

Malaysia - Epitome of Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Malaysia - Epitome of Asia - Essay Example Malaysia - Epitome of Asia Even though the state religion of Malaysia is Islam, the country gives its people the freedom of choice and holds no barriers to any faith the people may choose to follow. They are given the right of their opinions and no one is forceful of their beliefs on the others. Malaysia is always welcoming new people to let them explore the country to fall in love with its natural beautiful sights. The people there share the same perspective and have a welcoming nature and always try to maintain a friendly relation with anyone they might know outside of their country, speaking on a personal note. Location Malaysia can be found near the far right side when viewing a global map, near the equator. It may seem a little distant from the rest of the world because of its location but that has not proven the people there to take the choice of living in isolation. Malaysia is situated on the South China Sea and has itself divided in two parts of East Malaysia and Peninsular Malaysia. The country share s borders with three countries; Thailand, Indonesia and Brunei. The country solves its problem of being in a far off place by linking itself to countries, like Singapore, through a causeway while also sharing maritime boundaries with countries like, Philippines and Vietnam. Malaysia did not always have the place it has today in the world. Near the end of 18th and 19th centuries The British had their colonies established in the area and ruled the Malay Peninsula till 1948. It was in 1957 that Malaysia attained the freedom it has today and formed the Federation of Malaya. After the independence the country faced problems with Indonesia, Singapore which was a part of Malaysia for a time, also departed from the Malay Federations. Malaysia was able to succeed in diversifying its economy after the rule of Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohammad during the early years after independence. The country chose to develop its services, manufacturing and tourism to give boost to its economy and decided to let go of exporting of raw materials. When these policies proved to be of great advantage to the country, the following prime ministers decided to act upon them as well i.e. Najib bin Abdul Razzak. Geography Being the world’s 67th largest country, Malaysia has a land area of 329,847 square kilometers (UMTECH 2012). Malaysia is the only country that has its land territory situated in both; mainland of the Asian continent and on the Malay Archipelago, the Malay sea studded with islands. The Peninsular Malaysia, one of the two parts that the country is divided in, contains 40 percent of the land mass of the country. It spreads 322 kilometers in width while it’s North to South extends up to 740 kilometers (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2006). There is a series of mountains that divides the Peninsular Malaysia’s East and West coasts, Titiwangsa Mountains, also called Main Range (Britannica). Main Rage is a mountain range that is heavily forested and is composed of igneous rocks and granite. Most of the mountain has eroded and created a karst landscapes. The other half of Malaysia, East Malaysia, has a coastline of 2,607 kilometers which is divided among its hills, valleys, interiors of mountains and the coastal regions. East Mal aysia also consists of the tallest mountain in the country, Mount Kinabalu. The mountain holds the height of 13,436 ft, and ranges between the country and Indonesia’

Drug Trafficking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Drug Trafficking - Essay Example Although the U.S. forces tend to patrol this vast area, they rely heavily on international partnerships in closely coordinating enforcement operations along with the interdiction forces of the majority of Western Hemisphere, as well as European nations so as to limit drug traffickers with the utilization of air and maritime routes. This interdiction takes a team effort thereby relying on the successful execution of a number of steps within an interdiction continuum, comprising of the collection, as well as dissemination of exploitable intelligence, the recognition and monitoring of suspicious vessels, along with the tangible interdiction of those vessels. The objective of the national interdiction according to the National Drug Control Strategy has succeeded in creating a removal rate of about 40% of the documented cocaine flow whose destination is the United States through FY2015. Although this is a significant development, a lot needs to be done concerning the interdiction of cocaine. Typically, within the eastern Pacific, there are fishing vessels transporting multiton cargos of cocaine leave Colombian, as well as Ecuadorian Pacific coast ports through to the delivery points via the Central American or even the Mexican coast. Within the Caribbean, there are high-speed go-fast vessels, transporting not less than two metric tons of cocaine at a time, depart from the north coast of Colombia headed to delivery points within the eastern Caribbean or enfolded the Central American coastline within their track north to destinations along the Central American, as well as Mexican coastlines. As a result, a fishing vessel operation is capable of lasting nearly six weeks, whereas go-fast operations go on normally for one or two days. Throughout the past few years, there has been a rise in the quantity of go-fast boats engaged in smuggling; such craft happen to be small, very fast, almost invisible to radar, as well as hard to see within daylight. To counteract the go-fast risk, the U.S. Coast Guard has purchased new equipment while developing capabilities in using armed helicopters, over-the-horizon cutter boats, along with non-lethal vessel-stopping technologies. On the other hand, drug traffickers tend to use latest and innovative techniques in transporting drugs to the United States, involving the development, together with an enhancement of low-profile, completely-submersible and totally submersible vessels. The quality of production, together with operational abilities of these vessels gives traffickers the opportunity of moving more products with superior stealth. These vessels are capable of travelling long distan ces with no support thereby permitting traffickers superior flexibility when planning possible drop locations.2 Interdiction is and must carry on being a vital constituent of the National strategy, as an accompaniment to other approaches in reducing drug supply. As a result, any analysis defining success within the area of interdiction as arresting all, or almost all, smuggled drugs tends to be unrealistic, as well as counter-productive. To the degree that is an exceptionally costly method; additional expenditures should be weighed particularly keenly, especially if they have the impact of reducing funds present for other efforts in reducing supply and demand. Nonetheless, there is the upgrading of the interdiction efforts made devoid of any noteworthy increase in funding. The most significant requirement in the interdiction field happens to be leadership. In order to pursue effective and expeditious innovation, as well as increased commitment, both through foreign governments, toge ther with private agencies, a

Tyco Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tyco Corporation - Case Study Example The corporate culture at Tyco under the control of Dennis Kozlowski (and previous CEO, Joseph Gaziano) placed huge importance on aggressive leadership style and acquisition rate, trying to increase the overall earnings of the company by expansion rather than thrifty and careful planning to increase the profits for shareholders. Additionally, the corporate culture seems to have encouraged managers and employees of Tyco to use false or ambiguous accounting styles to allow the continuing expansion of the company. Using these accounting styles, as well as the decentralization of the different branches of Tyco meant that the organizational culture of the company under Kozlowski allowed for falsification and secrecy in the accounting, misleading investors and diverting funds towards Kozlowski. As previously mentioned, there were several accounting tricks and slights of hand involved in the accounting at Tyco under Kozlowski, and this meant there were several loopholes and several areas which were not being accounted for as they should be in such a company. The fact that these bonuses were not authorized could have meant that Kozlowski could siphon them off into a personal account without any board interference, particularly as all departments worked in semi-isolation and reported to Kozlowski before reporting to the board members. Kozlowski continues to claim innocence to this day, which suggests that he feels that these actions he took were not criminal. Additionally, he claims that the jurors that sentenced him were â€Å"jealous†, presumably because of his large wealth (parts of which were gained through the aforementioned criminal activities). Kozlowski, then, is unrepentant because he claims his innocence, presumably because he feels that as CEO he had some right to alter or falsify some of the figures to give Tyco a large profit; he probably felt that in some way he was benefiting the shareholders during this act, giving him a clean conscience.

Esperanza of The House on Mango Street Essay Example for Free

Esperanza of The House on Mango Street Essay The House on Mango Street is a collection of musings of a young female named Esperanza. The main character and the direction of the stories is revealed in the first story. It is in The House on Mango Street that Sandra Cisnero sets Esperanza up as a young girl dreaming of a brighter future and yet floored on the realities of her situation. The first story introduces Esperanza as someone who plans on escaping the place where she is growing up. She is old enough to understand that the promises of her parents about the temporariness of their house are not going to be fulfilled any time soon. She is, however, young enough to believe that physically leaving Mango Street will mean a complete escape from the things that Mango Street and their house represent. The youthfulness of Esperanza is shown in Hairs where she describes her family and herself through a description of the type of hair each had. She tells about still being comforted by her mother’s presence beside her in their bed. It is also in this story that one understands Esperanza’s personality. She is free-spirited and hard to tame, like her hair. But she is clearly in the process of developing into a woman as she expresses her emotions for her mother’s hair – the hair of a truly ladylike woman. Esperanza is shown here to be in the transitional period of developing from a child into a complete lady. She most probably would be in her teenage years. The emotional and personal development of Esperanza is also seen in My Name. When she speaks of not wanting to be like her grandmother – a woman beside the window, trapped – she shows that she is already capable of deciding for herself the future she wants to have. She also shows her knowledge about the outside world when she speaks of the Chinese culture and its possible similarities with the Mexican culture. She also shows a deeper understanding of society when she explains how Chinese culture and Mexican culture do not want their women strong which is why they do not give them strong names. Her reference to women being suppressed and kept from being strong also shows that she is aware of this bias. She is clearly developing emotionally because she can formulate for herself judgments about the things that occur in the society she lives in. In this part of the stories, My Name, Esperanza demonstrates development from being the young girl who dreams of escaping her house because she wants more space to the teen who wants change because she no longer agrees with the things around her. She wants to change her name insisting that it does not refer to the â€Å"real her†. She wants a life that is different from her grandmother’s. The aspirations of Esperanza in this part have developed. From a house with more bedrooms and bathrooms, Esperanza now aspires for more abstract concepts – independence, choice, freedom. In the final parts of the stories, Esperanza seems to have finally developed into a wiser and more practical woman. She realizes that escaping Mango Street is not something she can do physically for the moment. She decides to write instead. This allows her release from the frustrations she feels for the place she lives in. Esperanza understands now that Mango Street is a part of her life and will continue to be so even after she leaves it. She seems to have made peace with herself and instead of continually trying to push for a way out, she now focuses on ways to improve herself. This is, according to her, the way to finally be able to leave Mango Street. Her wisdom is seen when she states that only in leaving Mango Street, improving herself somewhere else, and coming back to Mango Street can she truly be able to help those who do not have the ability to leave. Her goals are now realigned to include those in her community. Esperanza completes her journey from childhood to young adulthood in the pages of The House on Mango Street. She forms a clearer view of who she really is through her experiences in her house and grows emotionally as well. The maturity of Esperanza is seen not only in her thoughts but in the observations she has made from her neighborhood. She has learned from the lives of those around her and has grown from the lessons she gathered.

Soviet Montage Theory Film Essay

Soviet Montage Theory Film Essay Eisentein describe montage is one of the editing style of discontinuity in graphic qualities which means how the filmmakers combine together all the different shots sizes in different camera angle by using the editing suite with the force of powerful narrative. Eisenstein held that proper film continuity should not proceed smoothly,but through a series of shocks. Whenever possible, he tried to create some kind of visual conflict or discontinuity between two shots with the goal of creating a jolt in the spectators psyche. The visual explosions on the screen were intended to create a continual source of stimulants or shocks to keepthe audience wide awake. The dynamics of montage serve as impulses driving forward the total film,Eisentein wrote. Juxtaposition of shots of high visual contrast will create conflict in storyline. Besides, soviet montage can also create the dramatic impact that will broke all the rules of smooth, invisible editing of the Classical Hollywood style. As the result, this theory can make sure the visual could create the impact esspecialy to manipulate emotion of the audiences. This is because by using the technique of juxtaposed the shot, different scene or situation can be shown at the same time and at the different location. Sometime juxtaposed could become as a cross-cutting. In the film Perempuan, Isteri dan .. which directed by U-Wei Hj Shaari is one of the film that can be classify as the film that been using soviet montage theory in their editing. This theory that being used in their editing can be prove by looking at the scene A which the character of the husband cast by Nasir Bilal Khan was repairing the tyre of his lorry that explodes and replacing the tyre by using the spare tyre. Whereas in the scene B, the character of the wife cast by Sofia Jane were in the bush looks like doing something with another man. In the visual we could see the cutting point of the this two scenes actually happen in the same time but different location. We can see that through the editing technic, this film has manipulated audiences emotion. Realism is another technic of editing which being started by Andre Bazin. He was one of the influential French film critic and film theorist. In his perspective that film should try to view what is just related to reality because for him when watching a movie or a film we as the audiences should be shown the reality of the world. Just like he said, he depicted that what he saw as objective reality. We can see what is the meaning of objective reality is just same as documentaries and Italian-Neorealism school which the directors are usually invisible just like Howard Hawk. Besides, Bazin also have started and expand the meaning and the uses of deep focus, wide shot and the technic of shot-in-depth. In this era of Bazin theory of realism which being used by some of the directors such as Orson Welles and Jean Renoir are usually referred to true continuity that we can see through mise-en-scene which done by doing experiments in the editing process and visual effects. Through Bazins theor y, he try to emphasize how the cinema actually manipulate reality. Concerntrate more on objective reality, lack of montage and the using of deep focus are related to interpretation of a film or a scene that should be left to the spectator. This is to make sure that all of the people in the groups that watching the movie, understand and try to feel what is the director trying to share and tells the audiences through his film. Bazin also believe that film actually represent personal visions of the director which known as personalism. Furthermore, Bazin also known as appreciative criticism. Film which directed by arwah Yasmin Ahmad usually used the theory of Andre Bazin. In her film we can see that how he try to potray the reality in our real life and the reality that we see in the film through the lense of the camera looks like what we see and facing in the real life. As the example we can see through the film that directed by arwah Yasmin Ahmad Mukhsin in the scene where the main character Mukhsin was dreaming that he is flying when he sitting at the bench near the paddy field. For this scene, arwah Yasmin using a long take to view the beauty of the paddy field and also she try to show how long actually we as a human will take when we are dreaming and at the same time actually we imagine anything that may be we cannot do in our real life. Another example we can see in the film Gubra regarding to the scene that shows long take of a kampungs house. This technique such as long take being done with its own reason which the meaning is about showing the panoramic view of th e house and the kampung. Realism is about less editing in the film and it is focusing more on realistic aesthetic in film.

Child Labour in India

Child Labour in India The International Labour Organization estimates that there are 218 child labourers in the world (ILO, 2006). In 1991, there were approximately 11.3 million child labourers in India, with 2 million of those children working in highly dangerous situations (2004). However, as of late 2000 the ILO states that there are now 10.4 million child labourers in India. It important to stress that these children are working because they do not have a choice, Mummun Jha argues more specifically that, they come not from the well-off households but from marginalized sections that are already the hardest hit, such as the children of the poor, the lower castes, and the female (2009, p. 217). In India, there are a variety of complex social and economic factors for why children are working. These reasons can include: a lack of access to education and unemployed parents (Venkatanarayana, 2004). Commonly, poverty is said to be the cause of child labour, yet it can also be a result of child labour as well. Zubair Kabir argues that a cycle of poverty can exist within child labour and India is no exception (2003). Thus, this keeps children in India in a disadvantaged state because they are denied access to education and as a result, will not learn any new skills for a higher paying job (Kabir, 2003). In addition to the lack of education, child labour can pose serious health risks to children. They are often exposed to unsanitary and dangerous situations because employers will not provide basic health measures due to the low-income employment child labourers commonly do and the lack of governmental regulations that exist (2003). Due to children working in the low-income sector of the workplace, this decreases the value of work for adults and thus, adult unemployment rises. With poorly paid, unskilled children working in unsafe conditions, these children will become the future generation in India; and therefore, child labour continues the cycle of poverty (2003). Another important social factor that causes child labour in India is the deeply ingrained cultural values that have existed for decades (Kabir, 2003). Often girls are left out of statistics regarding child labour because sometimes they do not work in the formal sectors of child labour such as factories; rather they participate in domestic labour (Das Mishra, 2005). Mummun Jha states that there is an abundance of poverty in India and thus the, Situation is worsened by the fact that for the poor families in India, alternative sources of income are non-existent. There are no social welfare systems as those in the West. There are fewer sources of bank loans, government loans, or other credit sources. What is available is usually for the relatively better off (2009, p. 211). India has passed some legislation regarding the well being of children. India did sign the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989 (Jha, 2009). However, the Indian government has not signed off on Convention 138 on Minimum Age (1973) and Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (1999) which to the ILO is considered very progressive in regard to the law against child labour (2009). The Indian government maintains due to their decentralized style of government, only the individual states in India have the constitutional power to change the law regarding the minimum age (2009). As a result, millions of Indian children are working illegally (2009). I feel passionate about eliminating child labour in my lifetime and I feel educating individuals, especially youth about the effects of child labour is crucial in achieving this goal. In this paper, I will argue that child labour is a detriment to the development of less economically developed countries because it prevents access to education, especially to young girls, it risks the health of young children, and decreases the value of adult work; thus weakening the economic growth of a country by perpetuating poverty. Theoretical Backing: W.W. Rostows theory on the stages of economic growth provides a justification for why child labour exists today. Rostow presented a model of economic growth in the 1960s and it provides a theory on why some countries developed economically while others did not, in his book called The Stages of Economic Growth (1960). Rostow would make the argument that child labour is necessary for some countries to industrialize as there were some forms of child labour during the Industrial Revolution in Europe (Venkatanarayana, 2004). Further applying Rostows theory of economic development to child labour, another possible explanation for why it still exists today is because LECDs are employing child labourers in order to compete with multi-national corporations and other more economically developed countries. Most countries employing young children are stuck in Rostows second stage known as pre-conditions for take-off, which can be characterized by a need to develop a surplus of wealth in order to increase investment in transportation, communication and natural source exploitation (1960). Whereas, many other industrialized countries are in Rostows final stage of economic development known as mass consumption, which can be characterized by a growing demand for consumer goods and services, incomes being greater than necessary for buying essentials and an increase in investment by society in health, education and social programs (1960). As a result, Rostow would make the argument that child labour is necessary for economic development in LEDCs, and in order to move through the stages of development, from pre-conditions for take-off to mass consumption (Rostow, 1960). Research and Analysis: Child labour is detrimental to the development of less economically developed countries because it presents a barrier to the education system for children in India. Many scholars and activists now see a direct relationship between education and child labour (Jha, 2009, 210). Traditionally, education was only accessible to the upper caste levels (2009). Furthermore, old, cultural values still exist in India today; for example, education is not thought of for people in the lower castes, in particular females (2009). Kumar Das and Sarojini Mishra (2005) focus specifically on the economic effects of child labour on girls in India. Das and Mishra state that child labour for young girls is related to the deeply ingrained cultural factors such as, caste, religion, family type and size. Thus, girls belonging to the lower caste acquire little to no education and as a result are forced into child labour to help her family financially. Das and Mishra also highlight that much of the research done on child labourers in India focuses on children forced to work in factories; whereas many young girls are experiencing child labour in the informal work sector, such as working at home, but are still exploited (2005). Das and Mishra conclude that better understanding of the causes, consequences of child labour, the labour market and emphasis on the importance of primary school for girls in India is crucial for eliminating child labour (2005). Similar to Das and Mishra, studies conducted by Rubiana Chamarbagwala (2008), provides evidence that the overall increase of availability of primary education in India will not only increase the number of children attending school, but it will also decrease the chances of girls and boys working in factories. It is important to point out that a simple increase in the availability of education in India would not solve the number of young girls who watch their brothers go to school while they work in the unpaid labour force, and are still being exploited. Unlike other literature focused on child labour in India, Chamarbagwala states that governmental policies should be implemented that will increase the economic benefits of education, and thus provide an incentive for families to send their children to school rather than to work. Mitesh Badiwala argues for a solution for the lack of access to education due to child labour. He states that even if the schools in India are good, the economic benefits out weight the educational benefits for Indian parents and as a result poverty raises the dropout rates (1998). Therefore, India should implement compulsory schooling for children. It is also important to point out that with children in school, the availability of jobs for adults will increase. The idea of mandatory school requires policies to be enacted and these policies can help provide funds for the primary school system (1998). In addition, Badiwala points out that this idea of compulsory education worked for the Indian state of Kerala, which spends a lot of money on education and has the highest literacy rate in the country (1998). Recent research conducted by the International Labour Organization (2009), has stated the most recent global economic crisis that occurred in 2008 could increase the number of girls in child labour. The ILO reports approximately 100 million girls worldwide are involved in some of the worst forms of child labour today. In addition, the report says this is especially evident in families that place higher importance on educating the boys of the family, which can be attributed to the traditional values embedded in India (ILO, 2003). As the global crisis affects LEDCs, families will start to prioritize what children go to work and to school. In addition, the ILO states that the financial crisis would decrease the national education budget and thus, affect the importance of education to already financially disadvantaged families. Child labour can have various devastating effects on the health of child labourers. A study carried out by Occupational Medicine (2006) studied different groups of child labourers in various LEDCs. Yet, only conclusive evidence was found amongst child labourers in India. The goal of the study was to determine whether child labour had any effect on the final height of child labourers. While child labour is known to have other negative health effects such as exposure to harsh chemicals, unsanitary conditions, and the potential for serious injuries; whether growth is affected by child labour is still considered controversial. Occupational Medicine focuses on the idea that child labour can directly or indirectly affect the health of children. For example, It has been assumed that the chronic physical strain of work on growing bones and joints could lead to stunting, spinal injury and lifelong deformations, (2006, 1). However, growth could be indirectly affected by the strain on already w eak bones and joints due to malnourishment. Malnourishment in child labourers is caused by long hours working and unsanitary conditions, essentially child labourers do not get all of the required nutrients for healthy development while working in factories. The study concluded that among the children studied in India, there was evidence that child labour did affect the final height of the child labourers. This is an example of negative long term health effects for child labourers and it is problematic because these children represent the future of India. Child labour is detrimental to the development of India economically because child labour devalues the work done by adults. Basu and Van support this by suggesting that child labour is competing with adult labour in India and the relationship is unhealthy economically (1999). Basus studies show that when adult wages rise or unemployment falls, the incidence of child labour tends to fall. Hence, if we are seriously concerned about child labour, we will have to improve the economic condition of the adult worker, (1999, N.P.). In comparison, Augendra Bhukuth and Jerome Ballet (2006) focus on whether child labour is complementary to adult labour, in particular the brick kiln industry in India. The report states that parents are aiding child labour in the brick kiln industry because children are often found working alongside their parents. Unlike almost all other literature on child labour, this study focuses on how child labour is used to increase the price of labour, because an employer is getting an entire familys labour. This helps to increase household productivity because the whole family works together to earn a living. While it is importance to decrease the debt owed by families in LECDs, the study fails to acknowledge the psychological damages a child will face due to the intensive labour they experienced during childhood. Sebastian Braun (2006) examines the relationship between child labour and foreign direct investment (FDI). One would think that FDI would be attracted to countries with child labour due to the increases in profits made as a result of the low wages earned by workers compared to developed countries. However, strong evidence points to less FDI flowing to countries that have child labourers, due to young children making up the labour force. To foreign investors child labour reflects poorly on an economy, because the labour force is in fact young children. Therefore, to improve the chances of receiving FDI and thus improving the economy, countries such as India, should eliminate all forms of child labour and employ adults only. If FDI is deterred based on child labour, then LEDCs employing children are continuing the cycle of poverty and decreasing chances of economic growth because they will not receive foreign investment. Conclusion: In conclusion, the economic development of less economically developed countries is only negatively impacted by child labour. In regards to school, child labour is preventing access to education. In India young girls attend school less than boys, due to traditional values still prevalent in the country today (Das and Mishra, 2005). Chamarbagwala argues that governmental policies should be implemented that specifically enhance the economic benefits of sending children to school; thus giving families an incentive to send their children to school in India (2008). Badiwala claims there is potential for compulsory education to help eradicate child labour in India; pointing to the Indian state of Kerala as an example (1998). In regards to the health of child labourers, there is evidence that states that child labour affects the final height of an Indian child, among various other serious short and long term effects (Occupational Medicine, 2006). Sadly, there are few studies that state the health effects of child labour on young girls working in the domestic or unpaid labour force. Lastly, one of the most detrimental effects child labour has on the economic development of a country is the fact that child labour devalues the work done by adults (Basu and Van, 1999). Basu and Van argue that only when the economic situation is improved, will child labourers cease to exist (1999). Furthermore, an interesting study conducted by Bhukuth and Ballet states that sometimes parents continue the problem of child labour by having their children work alongside them in the brick kiln industry (2006). Moreover, it has been proven that child labour can be harmful economically because it decreases the countrys chance at attracting foreign direct investment (Braun, 2006). As a result, child labour is damaging to the economic development of a less economically developed country because it presents a barrier to the education of children, it risks the health of child labourers short and long term and continues the cycle of poverty by devaluing the work done by adults.

History of the Independance Movement :: Essays Papers

History of the Independance Movement One of the most important forces that governed the course of Cuba’s colonial history was the concept of racism. From the moment that Christopher Columbus ignored the presence of indigenous peoples, and claimed the island for Spain on his first voyage in 1492, to the day Carlos Manuel de Cà ©spedes began the first revolution to independence, there was a strong tradition of separation and objectification (Franklin 1,4). Diego Velà ¡zquez was appointed governor of Cuba in 1511 (Franklin, 1). He founded the first European settlement, Nuestra Senora de la Asuncià ³n de Baracoa, on the Northeastern coast of the island. The European settlement of the Nuestra Senora de la Asuncià ³n was established in the middle of a pre-existing indigenous settlement, from which it got the name Baracoa (La Rosa Corzo, 35). Similar situations occurred in many of the other original settlements, such as the town of San Salvador de Bayamo. Christian prefixes were added to the indigenous names of towns. Europeans settled the center of these villages and natives were moved to the outskirts (La Rosa Corzo). During the fist one hundred years of colonization, the Native American population was greatly reduced, and gradually replaced by African workers (36). However, the pattern of settlement remained a constant. In a 1605 census two per cent of the total population was considered Indian, and thirty-six percent were African slaves. Most of these Indians lived outside of major cities under the jurisdiction of their own tribal leaders (36). As the French, Dutch and British began their exploration of the Caribbean, Spain was encouraged expedite its settlement of its existing colonies. Rapid settlement, coupled with Charles III’s 1789 policy of free trade in African slavery, led to the development of plantations, and a slave society (Howard, 2). By the beginning of the nineteenth century the stage was set for Cuba to become the biggest sugar producer in the world. The previous leading producer, San Domingue had almost lost its hold on the sugar trade altogether, due to the revolution. The United States was newly independent form European rules and looking for new trade partners; there was an opening in the market.

Silent Film Meets the Talkies: A Brief History Essay example -- Film M

Silent Film Meets the Talkies: A Brief History A gambling man, Governor Leland Stanford of California needed visual proof to win a bet he had eagerly placed. Governor Stanford firmly believed that at some point in their stride, horses had all four hooves off the ground at the same time. After hiring a photographer who was to no avail, the Governor brought in John D. Isaacs, the chief engineer for the Southern Pacific Railroad, to have a look at the situation. Isaacs decided to rig up a system of magnetic releases to trigger a series of cameras, twelve total, as the horse ran down the track (Everson, 17). Mounting these images on a rotating disk and projecting them on a screen through a special lantern, they produced a moving picture of the horse at full gallop as it had occurred in real life (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1211). American cinema's next big break came with beginning of World War I. Until this period, the industry had been dominated by France, Italy, and Germany, particularly in the area of feature length presentations and the construction of permanent theaters. However, when the war broke out in Europe, film production abroad nearly ceased due to the overlap of chemicals used in film and the manufacturing of gunpowder (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1213). Simultaneously, American Cinema experienced a period on unprecedented prosperity and growth. By the end of the war, when the Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919, 90 percent of all films screened in Europe, Africa, and Asia were American (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1213). Germany however, was the exception, because it had been cut off from America since 1914. When the Germans did finally reconnect with the world, the United States benefited greatly from their techn... ...me box office hits, regardless of the acting or recording quality. As talkies became more refined and commonplace, silent films started to dwindle. A backlash occurred and these pantomimed movies were labeled as the true art (Geduld, 253). Yet, nothing could be done to slow down the continual development of cinema as sound poured out of studios on a daily basis. In fact, this new cinematic style was so popular, the film industry turned out to be one of the few prosperous enterprises during the Depression (Geduld, 253). Works Cited Ellis, Jack C. A History of Film. eedham Heights, Mass: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britanica Inc.; vol. 24, 15th ed. Chicago, IL: 1995. Everson, William K. American Silent Film. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1978. Geduld, Harry M. The Birth of the Talkies. London: Indiana Univ. Press, 1975.

Environmental Benefits And Challenges Of Urbanization Essay

This paper has been written to analyze in-depth, the pollution, covering air, water, chemicals, and other such related issues in the United States. Further, I would also be developing an environmental health teaching plan to address one of these issues. Environmental issues are becoming very prevalent in today’s world. The question is why the environment and its concerns are becoming more prevalent, important and famous now. For this, we will need to look at the history. For decades we have neglected this seemingly dangerous issue due to which it has been going unnoticed. The reason we never before paid heed to this concern or issue is because this issue’s repercussions were not evident in the previous years. As no such notice regarding this issue was taken into consideration, it could not even be rectified. (Abel & McConnell, 2007). However, with the advent of global warming and other factors such as acid rain, prevalence of carbon dioxide and the ever increasing penetration of green house gases has put many lives at stake making many people fear that this world will not continue to exist or survive for more than 10 years from now on that means that by 2018 this world will have used most of the resources and this is basically due to the wastages of resources available to us. The basic thing that we have to consider here is to think hard about the issue as to how we can prevent our precious resources from depletion, disappearance and from vanishing. To answer this question we can simply say that we should use our resources optimally. (Kemp, 2007). It is believed that the next war that would be held would be for the sole purpose of resources. The 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Centre highlights the hidden objective of the resources. Although this act would be illegal and an immoral thing or practice, therefore many countries other than the one going for the war would object to this act for spoiling the world peace. U. S is a super power of the world and it is always trying to get hold of the resources. They are doing this by capturing resources, snatching them and raiding the countries that have abundant of these resources such as O. P. E. C countries and countries with no or minimal problems of the water shortage or the countries thave abundant of resources like the crude oil, natural coal and the natural gas. (Harris 2004). The reason why some countries have been the target of the United States is because although these countries might have some kinds of resources, however they do not have any resources that can be used to combat the threat or the attack coming from the super power such as the US and countries that are the allies of the U. S. such as European Union that also includes Turkey. Furthermore, these countries have a very weak defence and military, but the most important two factors that are responsible for their vulnerability are mentioned below. †¢ Lack of Decisive and Prowess Leadership. †¢ Ignorance to the current affairs and the intelligence. This is one of the major problems that might create huge problems for the countries US has their eyes on. With all the afore mentioned details to the problem, now let us go deeper in to the affects of the ignorance this problem environment exploitation that is also supported by the fact that he next war expected to take place is on the resources. The mere resources which were once used with out any fear of them being depleted once are now being depleted all because of the lack of the knowledge and the lack of the far sightedness of the problem. Now this problem has become very prominent and inevitable. The depletion of resources is not a small problem but it is vice versa. It is a very big problem that can greatly affect our future generations and if this problem goes unsolved today then our generations will have no future or to put it more realistically our future generation is going to be at the mercy of an unsafe future with lots of pollutants in the air. Therefore, if this problem goes unrectified then its repercussions can be innumerable, our future generation is at stake and now is definitely the time to act upon. (Horner, 2007). The United States of America, in past many years have taken initiative to contribute towards environment uplift and betterment of the environment. Environmental hazards do not have any boundary. The boundaries separating the countries subordinate to environmental impacts. Global warming, green house gases, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide penetration know no boundary and their impact is much due to which there is a dire need now is to prevent exposure to these hazards. However, the US cannot alone can not take any initiative to combat this seemingly deadly hazard and so it requires input and the cumulative effort to prevent this penetration in to our lives and body but as the US is one of the major super powers of the world, it must take the initiative. Furthermore, US is well equipped with resources and can lead the world to save the environment. (Houghton, 2004). US has repeatedly been warned of the repercussions of the gases from chimneys that their factories and companies are producing and how their industrial wastage is discarded. Furthermore, US have broken many protocols and pacts on this regard and continue to exploit environment. US can also be given the name of one of the world‘s biggest pollutants. The environments can also affect international marketing decisions and the planning system of the countries. This is because two different states have two different governments and thus having different polices and laws. Therefore, the marketing decisions that are taken in a country are different from each other according to the social, economic and political environment that exists in the country. (Kitchen & Schultz, 2000). Reference Abel,D. C. & McConnell,R. L. (2007). Environmental Issues: An Introduction to Sustainability. 3rd Edn. Prentice Hall, Paperback. Horner,C. C. (2007). The Politically Incorrect Guide to Global Warming and Environmentalism. Regnery Publishing, Inc. , Paperback. Kemp,D. D. (2007). Exploring Environmental Issues (Kindle Edition). 1st Edn. Taylor & Francis. Kitchen,P. &Schultz,D. (2000). Communicating Globally: An Integrated Marketing Approach. London, Macmillan Business. Scorecard. (n. d. ). More Facts on Pollution. January 3rd, 2009. Retrieved from: http://www. scorecard. org/

Research Methods in Psychology Essay

The purpose of the divisions of a search name should start with a title, indite, and contact education. The revoke is conterminous this is a outline of the condition. The summary provides an general idea of the article, which is wait onful to found if the article is signifi keept to the subscribers investigation. An abstract volition usually do a regular format resembling APA or something that is similar. The author or authors in brief state wherefore the enquiry article is signifi trickt, the methodology, results, and concluding proclamation regarding the results.The origin would be how the authors explain the underlying belief for the study by illustrating what enquiry has been realised in the past. A literature revaluation supplies the lector with a outline of new(prenominal) look for associated with the article case, on with addressing questions that ar unanswered or investigative pick up more query. M all questions ar excessively introduced at he art the introduction, and hypotheses results atomic number 18 declared. Next are the Methods or methodology divide. In this section the author or authors summarize how the inquiry was performed.For precedent, sample, size, and a translation of participants. This section testament also show how participants were chosen for the study, what was metrical and how, along with an explanation of how the data was estimated. The next section consists of the results. The author or authors go forth show the seek results along with any statistical analyses. Example fundament be tables, charts, and figures, along with a printed clarification. The Discussion section is the author or authors explanation and understanding of the results in growth to an explanation of unforeseen results.Finally the proof and summary in many if non all articles will explain what the author or authors found and connect it digest to the existing literature. Authors can recommend directions for likely re search in the conclusion along with referencing back. The references is the last section of an article an lists the consequences the authors control cited wthin the research article. References can help the reader critic the validity of the article and can learn more regarding the research topic (Cozby, 2009). What are the steps to critically evaluate research articles and how does the scientific method help you to do this?To critically evaluate research articles the research in the article must be clear in making known the reader of its aims. Terms should be understandably defined, even more so if theyre new or manipulationd in specific non-spread ways. You as a reader should pay particular attention should to errors in logic, especially those regarding causation, relationship or association. A background in research methods will help to read these reports critically, evaluate the methods employed, and limit whether the conclusions are reasonable (Cozby, 2009, p. 2). What is the importance of research in sortal sciences?Today and in the past psychologists and many other professionals single-valued function observation to calcu latish human demeanour to better understand psychological and biologic processes, motivations, and individual personality traits. Human air may be understood finished utilize and academic science. Using the scientific method is necessary for statistical psychology. gibe to our text, the importance of research in behavioral science can be the description of the behavior, the prediction of behavior, determining causes of behavior, and understanding or explanation of behavior (Cozby, 2009, p. ).What is the relationship amongst applied research and basic research? Provide an example, from your selected studies, of how each contributes to the body of knowledge. psychology became an actual science around the late 19th century, because of the interest of human behavior. prefatory research attempts to answer essential inquires regarding the who what were when and why of behaviors. phenomena such as cognition, emotion, motivation, learning, psychobiology, personality development, and fond behavior (Cozby, 2009, p. 0). An example article regarding a basic research article can be Artifactual seven-day cycles in unprompted activity in wild rodents and squirrel monkeys (Richter, 1976).This article determines the basic processes of activity in behavior and cognition of the mammals within the article. With applied research, this research is conducted to address issues in which there are practical problems and potential solutions(Cozby, 2009, p. 10). utilize research is any kinds of fact assembly identification or ob that is performed with observing and applying the information found and will concentrate on a specific issue. Applied research can sometimes be fair and sometimes can be complex.An example of an applied research article can be as follows Making things pass on finished challenging goals Leader proactively, trust, and business-unit performance. This is considered an applied research article because it is foc utilize on a specific issue or analogy which is proactive senior managers indicate more challenging goals for their business (Crossley, Cooper, & Wernsing, 2013, p. ). What honorable issues can you identify in the selected articles? How were the issues address or neglected? some(prenominal) articles preceding(prenominal) did not fool any honest issues. Both did not harm anyone or any animals. Both articles above did not deceive anyone or any animal. Both had legal authority approval. However, as voluntariness, subjects within the wild rodent article could not volunteer because they do not have that option. The participants in the Making things happen finished challenging goals article did have the volunteer option.Both articles did not comprise of plagiarisation or misleading authorship. All data provided correct and up to date references and veracious public ation this was provided at the end. Example of puplication This publication is protected by US and transnational copyright laws and its content may not be copied without the copyright holders express indite permission except for the print or download capabilities of the retrieval software used for access.This content is intended solely for the use of the individual user. Source Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 98 (3) US American mental Association pp. 540-549. Accession Number 2013-03482-001 digital Object Identifier 10. 1037/a0031807 (Crossley, Cooper, & Wernsing, 2013). Identify three likely research topics that you might want to explore further as you go through this course.

Sox Research Paper

Running head Nonprofits and SOX ling Tanenbaum Student ID 3750548620 Accounting Capst atomic number 53 Senior Seminar in Accounting ACC499 004016 Summer 2009 Nonprofits and the Sarbanes Oxley Act Submitted Submitted to Tee M. Thein shelve of Con 10ts Abstract Introduction SOX regularisations for not-for-profits Reasons for nonprofits to suck in SOX closedown look file memorandum Communication memorandum References Abstract Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 (U.S. House of Representatives 2002) was passed by congress as a result of a wave of accounting scandals and related monetary irregularities in corporations such as Enron, WorldCom and Tyco. SOX is called the intimately significant securities edict since 1933 and 1934 securities ACT. The Act attempted to throw off ethics to a greater extent black and white rather than a color in bea. The increased guidelines incur changed businesses and business relationships.These new requirements ache placed greater demands on directors, take stock delegacys, take stockors and anxiety. Most, of these pabulum where only made towards semi state-supportedly held companies, corresponding regulations targeted nonprofit arrangings (Panel on the Nonprofit empyrean 2005). Two deoxycytidine monophosphate and fifteen nonprofit organizations ease up voluntarily follow aliment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). M either, nonprofits be newly in the process of adopting SOX.The Panel on the Nonprofit Sector (2005), in its final report to Congress in June 2005, recommends more than 120 actions to be taken by charitable organizations, Congress and the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) to strength nonprofits against, transp bency, judicature and accountability. The most significant provision of the Act is the requirements in Section 404 the inform on the forcefulness of inhering haves over the fiscal reporting. PCAOB scrutiniseing standard 2 requires that the examine of innate control be integrated with the audit of the fiscal statements.The PCAOB requirements also only apply to familiar and clannish for profit companies, these would be new requirements for nonprofits regard to adopt to SOX. The requirements of SOX section 404 requirements on indwelling controls have proven to be quite expensive for populace companies (DAquila 2004 Pomeroy 2006), further research in to the current state of presidency in the nonprofit empyrean would be unspoilt before similar measures are mandated. Nonprofits have several reasons they might be compelled to adopt SOX provisions. First, several states are plausibly to emulate provisions similar to those of SOX.Some of these new laws in somatic elements of SOX including expanding whistleblower surety, requiring officers of the organization to sign the corporations annual report, appointing an audit commissioning and increase penalties against those who commit fraud or impede an investigation of fraud. California passed t he Nonprofit right Act in 2004. This Act addresses monetary reporting, corporate brass section, compensation, independence and fund raising (Silk and Fei 2005). New Hampshire requires audited financial statements for nonprofits with revenues greater than one million.Massachusetts, Connecticut and Kansas have similar requirements (Anderson and Kelley 2006). Second, unethical behavior seems as common in the nonprofit organizations as it does in the private sector. youthful scandals in nonprofit organizations such as The NYSE, Upsala College, linked Way and Education & Research Foundation, have had a negative effect on the public combining in their charitable organizations (Gibelman 1997). For nonprofits deposit from the public is alert because the majority of their pecuniary resource come from donors.SOX could result in more positive responses from donors, investors and future mature members (Orlikoff and Totten 2004). Finally, some(a) provisions of SOX already apply to nonpr ofits. Nonprofits must show up whistleblower protection and document destruction policies. former(a) provisions are inevitable, because of the large amount of grants nonprofits sustain which come with the own regulations and restrictions (BoardSource 2003). The purpose of this paper is to offer up a reasonable understanding of how nonprofits have been change by SOX. SOX regulations for nonprofitsSOX requires that companies have an audit committee that includes possibility-by-case members and members of the circuit board. SOX also requires the company to disclosure whether one of the internal auditor is a financial expert and whether they are directly responsible for overseeing the international auditors. This is to ensure that the financial statements are understand, that there is proper communication with the external auditors and that there is an understanding of internal controls. In fix up to kick upstairs standards for nonprofit accountability and financial reporting all nonprofits should have an independent audit committee (BoardSource 2003).Sox requires that nonprofits disclose whether a code of ethics has been pick out for senior financial officers. If they do non have a code of ethics reasons for non having one have to be disclosed. This is to encourage the development of a code of ethics in order to enhance trustworthiness to contributors and new(prenominal) constituents. The whistleblower protection insurance applies to nonprofits as well as for profit organizations. This regulation protects whistleblowers from special damages and attorneys fees. It also, prohibits the employer from toilsome the whistleblower in any manner.SOX provides additional protection for whistleblowers by, instating criminal penalties for actions taken against whistleblowers. Nonprofits should develop confidential and unknown procedures for handling employee complaints. Although the CEO and CFO do non quest to sign financial statements they do need to underst and them and ensure that they are fairly presented in all materially respects. The responsibility for approving the financial statements supremely belongs to the board of directors. Section 404 of SOX requires companies to include an internal controls report along with their annual report.Their internal control report should state the responsibility of management to create and primary(prenominal)tain an internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting. It should also contain, an assessment at the end of the most recent fiscal year as to the effectiveness of internal controls and the procedures for financial reporting (OHare 2002 BoardSource 2003 Walters 2003 Tran 2005). SOX requires auditors of public companies to prepare and maintain audit workpapers and other schooling related to any report in ample detail to support the auditors conclusions, for a period not less than seven years.Failing to do so is a criminal offence subject to fines and up to ten years in prison. Existing standards for audits of nonprofits do not include a mandated audit documentation guardianship period. Instead, those standards require nonprofits and auditors to retain records long enough to sastify any pertinent legal requirements of record retention. Reasons for nonprofits to adopt SOX bigger organizations with more resources will be more probably to adopt SOX. The public and media are more presumable to be harsher on larger nonprofits, which makes them more probable to have stronger governance mechanisms.The board of directors have the ultimate responsibility of overseeing proper financial statement intromission (BoardSource 2003 Walters 2003). Research on the relationship amidst board coat and unanimous value has had mixed results. Yermack (1996) provides essay that smaller boards are associated with a higher firm value. In 2008, Coles find that are diversified among industries or have high leverage, are more in all likeli stumper to benefit from a la rger board of directors. bodily governance characteristics, have been shown to be related to the size of the board.Bradbury (1990) finds board size and intercompany ownership to be determinants of uncoerced audit committees in public companies. In another(prenominal) study shows that larger boards are more likely to create audit committee boards (Beasley, Salterio, 2001). In a NASDAQ over the counter study done by Pincus (1989), he found that managerial ownership, leverage, size of the company, relation of outside directors to total directors, use of Big 8 auditors and participation in the National Market musical arrangement are related to instinctive formation of audit committees.As a result as the size of the board of directors of a nonprofit increases, so does the likely hood that they will voluntarily adopt SOX. Nonprofits with independent boards of directors are also more likely to adopt SOX. The main reasons nonprofits would voluntarily adopt SOX would be to increase the trust in the public in order to witness more funds. However some nonprofits, feel that the provisions in SOX burden the nonprofits so much that it is beneficial not to adopt SOX.These nonprofits strongly believe that SOX should not be required for nonprofits for the following reasons One, nonprofits are basic organizations with small staffs and have boards filled with community- minded large number with little or no business and management background. If SOX was required out of these nonprofits, the staff would be overwhelmed, along with the board and it would take away from the nonprofits primary mission. Two, nonprofits are already held to higher standards by the public and then private or presidential term agencies because, if the public doesnt trust the organization they wont gift their money.Also, nonprofits receive a large portion of their funds from government grants which are held to strict oversight and laws and regulations. Three, legitimate regulations of SOX w ill increase overhead costs and make the nonprofits look less efficient to contributors. On the other hand, by voluntarily adopting SOX, nonprofits are showing to the public that they are concerned about protecting funds, increasing operating efficiency and effectiveness, also enhancing accountability. Conclusion Research file memorandum Communication memorandum References Anderson, S. , and C. L. Kelley. 2006.Advising nonprofit organizations. The CPA daybook 76 (8) 20-26. Beasley, M. S. , and S. E. Salterio. 2001. The relationship between board characteristics and voluntary improvements in audit committee composition and experience. Contemporary Accounting Research 18 (Winter) 539-570. BoardSource. 2003. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and implications for nonprofit organizations. Available at http//www. boardsource. org/clintfiles/Sarbarnes-Oxley. pdf. Bradbury, M. E. 1990. The incentives for voluntary audit committee formation. Journal of Accounting and macrocosm Policy 9 (1) 19-36. Bro ude, P.D. 2006. The impact of Sarbanes-Oxley on private & nonprofit companies. Foley and Lardner, LLP. Available at http//www. foley. com/publications/pub_detail. aspx? puibid=3511. Coles, J. L. , D. D. Naveen, and L. Naveen. 2008. Boards Does one size fit all? Journal of Financial political economy 87 (2) 329-356 DAquila, J. M. 2004. Tallying the cost of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The CPA Journal 74 (11) 6-9. Gibelman, M. , S. Gelman, and D. Pollack. 1997. The credibility of nonprofit boards A fit from the 1990s and beyond. Administration in Social lam 21 (2) 21-39. Grant Thornton LLP. 2006.Grant Thornton National Board governance survey for not-for-profit organizations. Available at http//www. granthornton. com/staticfiles/GTCom/files/Industries/NotForProfit/nfp_board1. pdf. GuideStar. 2005. Nonprofits, Sarbanes-Oxley, and the states. Available at http//www. guidestar. org/DisplayArticle. do? articleId=779. Hempel, J. , and A. Borrus. 2004. Now the nonprofits need cleaning up Cozy boardrooms at colleges and charities face increasing government scrutiny. BusinessWeek (June 21) 107. Hymowitz, C. 2005. The Sarbanes-Oxley era, running a nonprofit is only acquire harder.Wall Street Journal (June 21) B1. OHare, P. 2002. Sarbanes-Oxley raises red loll for not-for-profits. Healthcare Financial Management 56 (10) 42-44. ORegan, K. , and S. M. Oster. 2005. Does the structure and composition of the board matter? The case of nonprofit organizations. Journal of Law Economics and arrangement 21 (1) 205-227. Orlikoff, J. , and M. Totten. 2004. Applying for-profit governance reforms. Healthcare Executive 19 (3) 52. Panel in the Nonprofit Sector. 2005. Strengthening transparency, governance and accountability of charitable organizations. Available at

How Music Affects Concentration and Work Efficiency Essay

enquiry on the maven has been im bring forcese. The scientific adopt of the headspring has leap-up the ghost an ind rise uping move manpowert in savvy kind-heartede life. euphony has been constitute to need sonorous deed on the heading. Psychologists and scientists agree been learning for at the middleman surrounded by medicine, with humour, eng senesce strength and engrossment for years. In our jump, we go for to informal upon a correlativity amongst a crabby proposition medicine literary literary genre of unison and bulkyer prep be talent and tautness. We intend to give Miami University assimilators a mean rendition acquirement ladder travel auditory modality to a certain genre of melody ( joggle, rap, untainted, slavish, techno, and no medicament).after interrogation 90 students, we go for to communicate a remnant near what checkup specialty bene concomitantors submergence and acetify capacity. If we atomi c snatch 18 competent to infer to a conclusion, we impart wealthy person a select science that forget suspensor college students furthestgon die on probes and with home lick. cornerstone In this view we under fruit to go a management the correlational statisticss amidst euphony and the fountainhead. We hold to scupper the obscure bear on that discordant genres of harmony dirty dog cast on ducking and lore. We hypothesize, that authoritative harmony, on with solace and instrugenial practice of medicine give gain ground assiduity spaciouser than carry and drift melody or pieces featuring quick and round the bend rhythms.Our look for point for this abide is what item aesculapian specialty get bulge count forth benefit tightfistedness and perception grea runningNif at solely(a). afterwards enquirying separate studies that take in done with(p) on the consort mingled with harmony and engrossment, we harbinger that pay off bug outing to divers(prenominal) types of medication date state motions leave alone thitherfore match the subjectOs submergence and act efficiency. In particularised, we prefigure that sheer medicament pass on friend our idea with closeness tasks. From our confused studies and psychometric tests we foretaste to damp this practiseful touch build amidst medicines hazard on the melodyal theme and use the results to reenact wagerer habits in our experience lives.Our assembly cute to actualize an sample that has severity to a personOs familiar life. Because entirely of our classify members be in college and discern out the instancy and moral strain to gather grievous grades, we image it would be a great opinion to foster remainder the solicitude by purpose a system to jock with our subject fielding. If our surmisal turns out definitive, it entrust be ripe for slew to comprehend to perfect symphony magic spell peru sal. We feed holds that we go a itinerary influence a genre of medicine that attend tos the forelandpower decoct to a greater extent(prenominal) cost-efficiently. If we plenty execute our terminal by approach path to a certain(prenominal) resultant role to our question our sample pull up stakes be supremacyful.We rely that this regard is fire because the massive majority of college students, ourselves include, grant intercourse medicinal drug and try on ship screwingal to bear our symphony in poring over. As college students, we a exchangeable necessitate to find ways to meliorate our grades and success at fetching tests. If we washbasin find a way in which medicine benefits learninging and comprehension, we potty withdraw medicament in our studies so enhancing the exercise of clip break d ingesting as sound as enhancing our learning abilities. medicinal drug is powerful. It has the solventiveness to extract emotions and personal ity.Because of the arduous depressions medication has on the benefitman race, it has been a popular refer betwixt cultures around the existence for centuries. non lonesome(prenominal) does medication furnish enjoyment and lovely sounds, alone it has an staggering marrow on computer memory and learning. It has been rig that throng who piece of earn medical specialty rent bettor GPAs and atomic number 18 high achievers than those who argonnt twisting in practice of medicine. It is to a fault confessedly that Hungary, lacquer and the Netherlands are the sneak iii donnish countries in the public and they every(prenominal) part a great focus on medicinal drug nurture and friendship in medicament.With that feature, the join States should march on euphony development in all students and accentuate the brilliance of medicinal drug from an previous(predicate) age when children are strange and adventurous. finished with(predicate) and t hrough recent scientific studies in that respect has been a frequently greater grounds on practice of medicine and itOs psychic do. in that respect pass on been limitless studies performed to regard the difficult correlation of the manifold brain and medication. For example, in a culture performed by blot Tarrant, David Hargreaves, and Adrian no(prenominal)th, the men desire-after(a) to find the exercise of the take heed base on medical specialty.In the exact, they play euphony in a lyceum and controld the styles through interrogation their subjects nowadays undermentioned their resolveout. They offered the participants the great power to admirer out a charity, gum olibanum examining the happen upon that the medicament had on them. They measur up to(p) both antithetic meetings, those who listened to irritable melody and those who listened to elate melody. The results revealed that the elate unison did in fact dispel the master reaso n by create the subjects to be to a greater extent than(prenominal)(prenominal) encourageive, bandage the concourse who listened to the infuriating practice of medicine were irascible and un assistantful. diametrical far-famed cartoon has dealt with how MozartOs masterpieces sponsor intentness and committal to memory when keepvas for academicians. It has been appoint in galore(postnominal) distinguishable studies that because of the numeric rhythms in MozartOs unisonal comedy pieces, intellectual lucidity is heightend, consequently meliorate development skills. afterwards researching this get wind, our group was able to make believe our consume possibility. The bring besides make us more expectant that our guessing would turn our conclusive. An sample performed by Teresa Lesiuk dealt with the issue of ear click to medication on meet achievement.She cerebrate that superior of prepare and time-on-task puddle was to the worst degree e fficient with no unison. Her sample showed that hoi polloi cause more tone body of mould piece audition to medicine and they wind up their piddle hot when sense of hearing to euphony. It overly say that take a shit environments with medicament answer employee modes. This shoot helps our audition, tho lacks the deviation in medication genres on take form efficiency. With our try out, we allow for be able to take this specialized bailiwick so far win by conclusion out what specific genre of symphony helps take a crap efficiency and mood.Exploring duplex sources and studies performed by an opposite(prenominal) scientists has simply helped chant our own try and dispose light onto various facets of our playing field. With the help of out of doors in initializeion, we commit to append a closely constructed sample with real results. From our research, we choose reinforced a long base of acquaintance on non all euphonys results on the nous, exactly mood, tension, and other factors which could by chance foil our test. The knowledge we energise gained on the some(prenominal)(a) human responses to various genres of unison birth helped support our principle that melody can in fact confuse both upright and subtle consequences.Our depicted object tastes to fancy non single our narrowly delimitate question, plainly several(prenominal) broader inquiries. move into queen Library, there are a large number of students warm at figure out enchantment tuned into their iPods. In our study, we seek to taste what genre of medication get out be most upright. On a bigger master up to now, our study examines several broader publications and has some(prenominal) far compass nucleuss on students lives. The study exit range to reach conclusions on how students can repair academic performance as intumesce as comprehension and amiable efficiency.In researching this topic, we choose come cros sways many a nonher(prenominal) another(prenominal) studies that besides search the connector betwixt medicinal drug and the mind. Hargreaves, David, agree Tarrant, and Adrian North. The personal ensnareuate of symphony on service mien. environs and doings 36 (2004). 10 family line 2005 . This was an highly beneficial study was performed on this topic by grievance Tarrant, David Hargreaves, and Adrian North. These men sought-after(a) to examine the role of the mind entrap on melody. They play euphony in a middle school and examined the moods through testing their subjects at deport by-line their treatout.They offered the participants the aptitude to help out a charity, thus examining the view that the melody had on them. They had twain contrasting groups which they calculated those who listened to testy practice of medicine and those who listened were overt to shake up unison. The results revealed that the intoxicate music did in fact manage t he mind by causation the subjects to be more supportive. Weinberger, Norman . The Mozart feat A low-pitched partly of the loose Picture. 7 ed. capital of California Regents of the University of California, 2000. iodin particular member we came crossways examined the effect of incorrupt musics numeric rhythms. agree to their studies, the format of the numeric rhythms in Mozarts pieces contain various factors which enhance psychogenic clearness. Lesiuk, Teresa. The force-out of music auditory sense on work performance. psychological science of medical specialty. Vol. 33, No. 2, 173-191 (2005). . This daybook phrase constitute results that show that in a work environment, tonicity of work is lowest with no music and time-on-task was long-lasting with no music as well. It in any geek states the environments with music help mood and enlarge type of work when music is present. We hope that our examine shows these results as well. Platel, H. The morphologic Com ponents of medicament Perception.A utilitarian anatomic Study. Brain. Vol 120, cut back 2 229-243. Oxford University military press 1997. This daybook word relates to our experiment in a more medical standpoint. Their experiment explores the relationship amid the cerebral structures and music appreciation. It is all- substantial(a) that we look at medical ledger phrases so we register the medical bag to our experiment. Our mind is Gordian and exceptional and music plays a rudimentary propel on our brain and the way it works. McCraty, R. The do of several(predicate) Types of melody on Mood, Tension, and psychogenic Clarity. public house Med. 1998 Jan 4 (1) 75-84. 7 kinsfolk 2005. .This ledger oblige fey on not tho music and its effect on work efficiency, further overly musics effect on tension, mood and mental clarity. Because it includes more than erect mental clarity, it gives us more cultivation and research to work with. The study base that de corator music (music make to have a specific effect on the listener) change magnitude optimistic feelings and concentration levels. This daybook condition has many similarities to our experiment and coincides with our hypothesis. Florentine, Mary. On the behavioural Characteristics of Loud-Music Listening. stiletto heel and hear The authorised ledger of the American auditive Society. 19(6)420-428, 1998 Dec. This diary discusses conduct and its connect to audition excessively to barefaced music.They created a keep abreast and test 90 subjects. eight of the surveyors showed behaviors that are present in nub abusers. This is relevant to our experiment because we go away be victimisation lean and other types of jazzy music to stripe concentrationthis diary taps into the musical comedy category. Sweeney, J. C. The office staff of Cognitions and Emotions in the Music-approach-avoidance Behavior Relationhip. ledger of service Marketing. Vol 16, 1 51-69. jar against 2002. Emerald company produce Limited. This study dealt with an experiment in a womens shape store. This journal differed from the others we researched, however it touched(p) on a divers(prenominal) typeface of our experiment.The journal states that music affects nodes perceptions of service lineament as well as feelings of arousals in damage of a womens devise store. after(prenominal) indicant different journals like this one, it is unequivocal that music affects all aspects of life, not however mood and concentration. McCraty, Rollin. The set up of incompatible Types of Music on Mood, Tension, and genial Clarity. HeartMath 76 (2002). 17 kinsfolk 2005 . A triplet study we found, looked into the connections between music, mood, and mental clarity. They sought to test the different effects that diverse genres of music had on subjects through psychological sceptical and profiling. They well-tried foursome genres of music from various corners of the music popula tion smear Rock, refreshing Age, Classical, and Designer. The results were conclusive in disclosure that spot rock evoked dislike and greatly trim mental clarity and motivation.We found this particularly important to our studies as we also plan to test in the main college students who normally listen to grunge music. Carroll, Robert Todd. Mozart Effect. The agnostics lexicon 2005. . This word explores the effect that Mozart music has on the mind. It gives the level of the scientist who examined this issue. They included statistics to prove their case the students do wagerer when they are candid to Mozart and genuine music. This article correlates to our hypothesis that classical music will reform concentration.